week 15

Question 1

Molecule

Answer 1

a number of atoms joined together with covalent bonds

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

a compound of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 3

Homologous series

Answer 3

a series of organic compounds having the same functional group but each successive member differing by CH2

Question 4

Functional group

Answer 4

an atom or group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

Question 5

Saturated

Answer 5

containing C-C single bonds only

Question 6

Unsaturated

Answer 6

containing at least one C=C double bond

Question 7

Alkyl group

Answer 7

side chain of formula CnH2n+1

Question 8

Aliphatic

Answer 8

a compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 9

Alicyclic

Answer 9

an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 10

Aromatic

Answer 10

a compound containing a benzene ring

Question 11

Empirical formula

Answer 11

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 12

molecular formula

Answer 12

the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 13

Structural isomers

Answer 13

compounds with the same molecular formula but with a different structural formulae

Question 14

Stereoisomers

Answer 14

compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 15

E/Z isomerism

Answer 15

an example of stereoisomerism, which requires restricted rotation about a C=C double bond and for two different groups to be attached to each carbon of the C=C group

Question 16

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 16

a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the two substituent groups are the same

Question 17

o- bond

Answer 17

direct overlap of orbitals

Question 18

Pi- bond

Answer 18

sideways overlap of p orbitals

Question 19

Curly arrow

Answer 19

the movement of an electron pair, showing either the breaking of formation of a covalent bond

Question 20

Radical

Answer 20

a species with an unpaired electron

Question 21

Homolytic fission

Answer 21

the breaking of a covalent bond where each of the bonded atoms keeps one of the shared pairs of electrons

Question 22

Heterolytic fission

Answer 22

the breaking of a covalent bond where each of the bonded atoms keeps one of the shared pair of bonding electrons

Question 23

Electrophile

Answer 23

electron pair accepter

Question 24

Nucleophile

Answer 24

electron pair donor

Question 25

Volatile

Answer 25

turns easily into a gas

Question 26

Volatility

Answer 26

the ease with which a liquid turns into a gas

Question 27

Reflux

Answer 27

the continuous boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture

Question 28

Distillation

Answer 28

separation of a liquid mixture into fractions with different boiling points. The most volatile components are removed first

Question 29

Catalyst

Answer 29

increases rate of reaction; remails unchanged at end of reaction

Question 30

Percentage yield

Answer 30

actual moles of desired product/theoretical moles of desired product X100

Question 31

Atom economy

Answer 31

molecular mass of desired product / theoretical moles of desired product X100

Question 32

Substitution reaction

Answer 32

a reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms

Question 33

Condensation reaction

Answer 33

a reaction in which two or more small molecules react together to form a larger molecule with the formation of another small molecule such as water

Question 34

Hydrolysis

Answer 34

the breaking of a bond by its reaction with water or a hydroxide ion

Question 35

Biofuel

Answer 35

a fuel that is derived from recently living material such as plants or from the waste of animals