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chem Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

How do you increase the rate of reaction?

A

increase tempature, increase surface area, increase concentration, add a catalyst

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2
Q

What are the properties of a catalyst?

A

increases the rate of reaction without being used up and can be recovered while being completly unchanged

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3
Q

why are catalysts used in industry

A

because they allow reactions to take place at lower temputures which saves money and energy

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4
Q

how do you monitor the rate of a insoluble reaction

A

flask with topper on it with a pipe going through to a mesuring cylinder with water in it

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5
Q

how do you monitor the rate of a soluble reaction

A

flask with topper on it and a pipe going through the topper to a gas syringe

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6
Q

what is the endpoint of a reaction

A

where the line goes flat

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7
Q

what does the endpoint on a graph show

A

the reaction has stopped

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8
Q

how do you find the rate of reaction

A

change in quantity divided by change in time

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9
Q

what is inside the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

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10
Q

what is the charge and mass of a neutron

A

no charge with a mass of 1 amu

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11
Q

what is the charge and mass of a proton

A

positive with a mass of 1 amu

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12
Q

what is the charge and mass of an electron

A

negative with a mass of 0 amu

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13
Q

where can you find the atomic number

A

in the perodic table on top of each element

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14
Q

what does the atomic number tell you

A

the number of protons

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15
Q

what is the mass number

A

the number of protons plus neutrons

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16
Q

what does the nuclide notation show you

A

the mass number and the atomic number

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17
Q

why must the number of electrons and protons in an atom be the same

A

becuase atoms have to have a neutral charge

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18
Q

what is an isotope

A

isotopes are atoms with the saem atomic number but different mass number

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19
Q

what does RAM stand for

A

relative atomic mass

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20
Q

when are ions formed

A

when an atom gains or losses electron

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21
Q

what happens when an atom doesnt have an equal number of protons to electrons

A

an ion is formed

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22
Q

why do metal atoms lose electrons

A

to form a posative ion

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23
Q

why do non-metal atoms gain electrons

A

to form a negative ion and make a strong outer shell of 8 electrons

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24
Q

what is a molecule

A

a molecule is made up of 2 or more atoms bonded together via covalent bonding, a molecule is typically made up of non-metal atoms only.

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25
what is a covalent bond
a covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two non-metals
26
how are the atoms in a molecule held together
electrostatic force of attraction between the positive nuclei of the atom and the negatively charged electrons
27
what is linear
one bond
28
what is angular
two bonds
29
what is pyramidal
three bonds
30
what is tetrahedral
four bonds
31
what is an ionic bond
the electrostatic force of attraction between a posative metal ion and a negative non-metal ion
32
what type of bond is formed between two non-metals
covalent
33
what type of bond is formed between a non-metal and a metal
ionic
34
what are the properties of an ionic compounds
they have high melting points and boiling points they can also conduct electricity ONLY when molten or in solution
35
why can ionic compounds
becuase then the ions are free to move
36
what are the properties of covalent network substances
they have very high melting and boiling points, they are insoluble in water, they do NOT conduct electricity with the exeption of graphite becuase of its delocalised electrons
37
what are the properties of covalent molecular substances
they have strong covalent bonds within molecules but weak forces of attraction between molecules, they have low melting and boiling points and they do NOT conduct electricity with the exception of water
38
this substance has a low boiling and melting point but doesnt conduct electricity, what type of bonding is this
covalent molecular
39
this substance has a very high boiling and melting point but doesnt conduct electricity, what type of bonding is this
covalent network
40
this compound has high boiling and melting points and can only conduct when molten or in solution, what type of bonding is this
ionic
41
this compound can only conduct when molten or in solution, what type of bonding is this
ionic
42
what are delocalized electrons
electrons which are free to move
43
what does it mean if a compounds name ends with "-ide"
the compound only contains these two elements
44
what does it mean if a compounds name ends with "-ate" or "-ite"
the compound is made up of three or more elements
45
what is valency
valency is the number of bonds that an element can form
46
what does the GFM find out
the mass of one mole
47
how would u find the mass of something
number of moles * GFM
48
how do u find the number of moles
concentration * volume in liters
49
how do u find the GFM
add all the RAMs of all the elements together
50
what is the solvent
what is doing the dissolving
51
what is the solute
what is being dissolved
52
what is the solution
what is produced from the the solute dissolving in the solvent
53
what is meant by a balanced equation
when there are equal amounts of each element on both sides
54
how do you find the percentage composition
mass of element / formula mass * 100
55
what is the pH of a neutral solution
7
56
what is the pH of an acidic solution
less than 7
57
what is the pH of an alkaline solution
more than 7
58
what is the pH scale
the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions
59
how do you find the pH of something
use pH paper or universal indicator
60
what makes an acidic solution
a higher concentration of hydrogen (H+) than hydroxide (OH-)
61
what makes an alkaline solution
a higher concentration of hydroxide (OH-) than hydrogen (H+)
62
why does the pH of an acid become closer to 7 when added to water
becuase the concertration of H+ decreases
63
what happens when a soluble non-metal oxide is dissolved in water
an acidic solution is produced
64
when is an acidic solution produced
when a soluble non-metal oxide is dissolved in water
65
what is neutralisation
the reaction of an acid with a base
66
what are the two types of bases
metal oxide and alkali
67
what are the two things made from neutralisation
a salt + water
68
what is the ending of a salt thats made with hydrochloric acid
chloride
69
what is the ending of a salt thats made with sulfuric acid
sulfate
70
what is the ending of a salt thats made with nitric acid
nitrate
71

N5 (3 decks)

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