CS

Question 1

what does the processor (CPU) do?

Answer 1

it carries out the instructions of a program, to preform the basic operations of the system.

Question 2

what is the brains of the computer

Answer 2

processor

Question 3

what does ALU stand for

Answer 3

arithmetic and logic unit

Question 4

what does the ALU do

Answer 4

it preforms all the calculations and logical operations like AND, OR

Question 5

what is the processor made up of

Answer 5

ALU, control unit, and registers

Question 6

what does the controll unit do

Answer 6

the control unit controls the sequencing of fetching, decoding and execution of instructions

Question 7

what are the registers

Answer 7

the registers are temporary memory locations within the processor itself

Question 8

what is memory

Answer 8

memory is a set of chips which store programs and data in the computer

Question 9

what is the purpose of unique addresses

Answer 9

so that the computer can read and write the data to that location correctly

Question 10

what are the two types of busses

Answer 10

the address bus and the data bus

Question 11

what does the address bus do

Answer 11

it identidies the memory location that is going to be accessed.

Question 12

what does the data bus do

Answer 12

the data bus transfer data from the processor to the memory and vice versa.

Question 13

what are common features of high level languages

Answer 13

it uses english like words, it has to be translated to machine code, it can work on different types of computer systems with only minor changes

Question 14

what are common features of machine code

Answer 14

it is made up of 1s and 0s, it is machine specific. a machine code program will only run on the type of computer it was created for NOT others

Question 15

what does a translater do

Answer 15

it translates the high level language to machine code

Question 16

what are the two types of translaters

Answer 16

interpreter and compiler

Question 17

what does an interpreter do

Answer 17

an interpreter translates the high level program one line at a time into machine code and executes this line immediately. becuase you cant save the machine code this translation must be carried out every time the program is run hence it takes a long time

Question 18

what are two advantages of an interpreter

Answer 18

it reports errors at the end of each line so it is easier to correct mistakes and it takes less memory than a compiler when translating the program into machine code

Question 19

what is the disadvantages of an interpreter

Answer 19

becuase the machine code cannot be saved the high level language needs to be translated into machine code every time the program is run. this takes time

Question 20

what does a compiler do

Answer 20

a compiler translates the whole high language code into machine code and saves the machine code version of the program meaning it can be run in future without having to translate it again. this saves time

Question 21

what are two advantages of a compiler

Answer 21

because the machine code file is saved, it never needs to be translated again and it takes less memory when executing the mahine code program to an interpreter

Question 22

what are the disadvantages of a compiler

Answer 22

it takes more memory when translating the program compared to an interpreter

Question 23

when do programmers use interpreters

Answer 23

when they are developing the program

Question 24

why do programmers use interpreters when developing a program

Answer 24

because each error is reported at the end of each line so debugging mistakes is easier

Question 25

if a programmer is developing a website what type of translater would they use

Answer 25

an interpreter

Question 26

when do programmers use compilers

Answer 26

once a program is finished

Question 27

why do programmers use compilers when a program is finished

Answer 27

so that they dont need to translate it again

Question 28

if a programmer has finished a program what type of translater would they use

Answer 28

a compiler

Question 29

how many bits are in 1 byte

Answer 29

8

Question 30

how many bytes are in 1 kibibyte (Kib)

Answer 30

1024 bytes

Question 31

what types of data does memory hold

Answer 31

integer numbers, real numbers, characters, bit-mapped and vector graphics

Question 32

what is an integer

Answer 32

a negative or posative whole number

Question 33

what is a real number

Answer 33

a real number is a number that can have a decimal/fractional part to it

Question 34

how do you store a real number in binary

Answer 34

with the mantissa and exponent

Question 35

how are characters stored

Answer 35

using ASCII code

Question 36

how many bits does does 1 ASCII take up

Answer 36

8

Question 37

what does the ASCII table include

Answer 37

all the numbers, letters (upper and lower) and punctuation marks in the alphabet, foreign language symbols e.g. é, á, ó and control characters e.g. tab

Question 38

how do vector graphics store a picture

Answer 38

by storing each objects attributes for example a circle could be stored as circle(centerx, centrey, raduis, line colour, line thickness, fill colour)

Question 39

what are the objects we need to know for nat 5

Answer 39

rectangle, ellipse, line, polygon

Question 40

what are the attributes we need to know for nat 5

Answer 40

co-ordinates, line colour and fill colour

Question 41

what are some ways to reduce the enviromental impact

Answer 41

leaving computers on stand by, change the settings on the monitor, change the power down settings

Question 42

what does a fire wall do

Answer 42

protects against people trying to hack into your computer

Question 43

in which ways can a firewall block access

Answer 43

packet filtering and/or IP blocking

Question 44

how does packet filtering work

Answer 44

when a data packet is received by the firewall it checks it against its filters. if it is acceptable it is allowed through otherwise it is rejected

Question 45

how does IP blocking work

Answer 45

the firewall can compare the IP that tries to communicate with your computer to a list of blocked IP addresses if it is blocked it is rejected. alternatively it can be checked against a list of IP addresses that are allowed to access the computer

Question 46

what is one way you can stop people from getting information online

Answer 46

encryption