chem Flashcards
UNIT 4 + ENDOTHERMIC + BALANECE EQAUTION NOT THERE (42 cards)
What are acids?
Substances that taste sour, turn blue litmus red, and release H⁺ ions in water.
Examples include lemon juice, vinegar, and hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What are bases?
Substances that taste bitter, feel slippery, turn red litmus blue, and release OH⁻ ions in water.
Examples include soap, baking soda, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
What does the pH scale measure?
How acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14.
What pH value indicates an acidic solution?
pH < 7
What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
pH = 7
What pH value indicates a basic solution?
pH > 7
What type of acid is found at pH 1-3?
Strong acid
Example: Battery acid.
What type of acid is found at pH 4-6?
Weak acid
Examples: Vinegar and tomato.
What type of solution is pure water on the pH scale?
Neutral at pH 7.
What type of base is found at pH 8-10?
Weak base
Example: Baking soda.
What type of base is found at pH 11-14?
Strong base
Examples: Soap and bleach.
What are indicators?
Substances that change color to show whether a solution is acidic or basic.
What color does litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
Blue to Red
What color does litmus paper turn in a basic solution?
Red to Blue
What is a neutralization reaction?
A reaction between an acid and a base that forms salt and water.
What is the chemical equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Do acids and bases conduct electricity in water?
Yes, they release ions when dissolved.
What is the difference between concentrated and dilute solutions?
Concentrated has more acid/base in less water; dilute has acid/base mixed with more water.
What defines a strong acid?
Acids that completely ionize in water, releasing all H⁺ ions.
Examples: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃.
What defines a weak acid?
Acids that partially ionize in water, releasing only some H⁺ ions.
Examples: Acetic acid, citric acid.
What defines a strong base?
Bases that completely dissociate in water, releasing all OH⁻ ions.
Examples: NaOH, KOH.
What defines a weak base?
Bases that partially dissociate in water, releasing some OH⁻ ions.
Examples: Ammonia, magnesium hydroxide.
What causes acid rain?
Pollution from burning coal, factories, and cars releasing SO₂ and NOx into the air.
What is the chemical reaction for acid rain formation?
SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₃
