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CSMLS EXAM PREP > CHEM > Flashcards

CHEM Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the effect of alcohol on osmolality?

A

Increase

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2
Q

What is the best method for measuring osmolality?

A

Freezing point depression

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3
Q

In what condition is indirect bilirubin high?

A

Pre-hepatic/hemolytic jaundice

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4
Q

What is the most important aspect in Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) analysis?

A

Membrane check

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5
Q

How should 24-hour urine for electrolytes be preserved?

A

Refrigerating

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6
Q

What is the next step if a 24-hour urine for electrolytes looks cloudy?

A

Centrifuge

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7
Q

What should be done if potassium result is 6.9 from a healthy individual?

A

Check specimen

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8
Q

What is the next step for a highly hemolyzed specimen for potassium testing?

A

Request new draw

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9
Q

Which test should be performed first: Blood gas, Troponin, Glucose, or Electrolytes?

A

A. Blood gas

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10
Q

What should be done if calcium critical value is found?

A

Phone the doctor

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11
Q

What is the gold standard for drug testing?

A

Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

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12
Q

What can cause high creatinine in a diabetic patient?

A

Nephropathy

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13
Q

What is most useful for determining a recent myocardial infarction?

A

Troponin

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14
Q

What is a risk of using lyophilized serum?

A

Error in reconstitution

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15
Q

What is the turnaround time (TAT) for electrolytes?

A

1 hour

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16
Q

What test is used for monitoring glucose levels?

A

HbA1c

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17
Q

What is the expected CSF glucose level if serum glucose is 5 mmol/L?

A

3.0 (50-60%)

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18
Q

What is the cause of high glucose in a diabetic patient with normal sodium and other parameters?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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19
Q

What should be reported if acetaminophen level is 80 umol/L taken 12 hours after the last dose?

A

Report

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20
Q

What does a very high coefficient of variation (COV) indicate?

A

Low precision

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21
Q

What is indicated by the following values: Urine osmole: 307 mmol/kg, Serum osmole: 277 mmol/kg?

A

DM: Serum osmolality and Urine osmolality are HIGH

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22
Q

What conditions can lead to decreased bicarbonate (HCO3)?

A
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Metabolic acidosis
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23
Q

What potassium level requires calling the doctor if the specimen is verified?

A

K 7.1 mmol/L, critical

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24
Q

What should be done if urea is normal but creatinine is high?

A

Repeat the test

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25
What indicates uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
* Ketone * Lactic Acid
26
What is the range of wavelength if the measured wavelength is 540 nm with a 30 nm bandpass?
525-555 nm
27
What do high levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid indicate?
Renal impairment
28
What should be done if QC is within range but urea is 20+ and creatinine is 900+?
B. Repeat Both
29
What should be done if a test result exceeds the instrument range of 500-1000?
Dilute by 1:4 in saline
30
What test will fail autoverification in a hemolyzed sample?
Potassium
31
What condition is indicated by high ketones and glucose?
Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
32
Where should urine test strips be stored?
Dark, dry location
33
What can cause potassium to increase an hour after blood collection without centrifugation?
From RBC to serum
34
What can excess fist pumping cause?
Hemolysis
35
What is the first step in performing a 24-hour urine collection?
Discard first morning collection on first day
36
What will fail autoverification for the given patient results of Na: 145, Potassium 5.0, TG 6.0?
Na 126 K 4.5 Cl 106 CO2: 25
37
What is Addison's disease?
A disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones cortisol and aldosterone
38
What can falsely lower results in immunoassay if there is not enough time?
Results are falsely low if non-competitive, high if competitive
39
What are the symptoms of acute renal failure?
Elevations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels
40
What is the difference in urea and creatinine values between acute renal failure and hemolytic uremic syndrome?
HUS has low platelet count and low red blood cell count
41
What is the function of the calibrator?
To ensure accurate measurement
42
What is the main difference between direct and indirect ISE?
Direct ISE measures the ion activity in plasma water; Indirect ISE dilutes the serum before measurement
43
What compensates for metabolic acidosis?
Hypoventilation
44
What is the next step after fixing a machine?
Calibrate and run QC
45
What should be done if QC values show a downward trend?
Deterioration of controls
46
What is the effect of over-diluting calibration standards on sodium quality control results?
A positive shift
47
What are the three major components of WHMIS?
* Safety Data Sheets * Labels * Training
48
What is the first step when receiving testing material submitted by an external proficiency testing program?
Assay the testing material in the same manner as patient samples
49
What is indicated by a shift in mean and three consecutive values outside 2SD?
Systemic error
50
What is the next step if three control levels are outside of range?
* Call service * Follow troubleshooting procedure
51
What should be done if a pipette is delivering less than expected?
Recalibrate
52
What indicates a systemic error in QC chart results?
A shift in the graph
53
What do you do if the afternoon hemoglobin run is outside 2SD?
Reject afternoon run
54
What is Gaussian curve established as normal?
COV
55
What is the effect on sodium quality control results if the calibration standards are over-diluted?
A positive shift
56
What is the expected action if QC is ok but potassium levels are 5.5 / 7.1 and the sample is grossly hemolyzed?
Reject
57
What is the action if QC is ok but potassium levels are 5.2 and the sample is grossly hemolyzed?
Reject
58
What does a 95% confidence limit of 1:20 indicate?
1 in 20 chance of error
59
What is the base peak in a mass spectrum?
Relative abundance of 100
60
What crystals may be found in normal alkaline urine?
* Triple phosphate * Ampicillin

CSMLS EXAM PREP (5 decks)

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