Chem H Ch2

Question 1

Atomos

Answer 1

The smallest particle proposed by Greek philosophers like Democritus, meaning ‘uncuttable.’

Question 2

Law of Constant Composition

Answer 2

Compounds have a definite composition.

This means that the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound is the same in any sample

Question 3

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 3

Asserts that mass remains unchanged in chemical reactions, as stated by Lavoisier.

Question 4

Law of Multiple Proportions

Answer 4

When two or more compounds exist from the same elements, they can NOT have the same relative number of atoms

Question 5

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Postulates

Answer 5

1. Elements are composed of extremely small particles called ATOMS
2. law of constant composition
3. law of conservation of mass
4. law of multiple proportions.

Question 6

Subatomic Particles

Answer 6

Electrons, protons, and neutrons that constitute atoms.

Question 7

Radioactivity

Answer 7

The spontaneous emission of radiation studied by Becquerel and the Curies.

Question 8

Types of Radiation

Answer 8

Include Alpha (positive), Beta (negative), and Gamma (neutral) rays.

Question 9

Atomic Number

Answer 9

Equals the number of protons (and electrons) in an atom.

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

Atoms of the same element with different masses due to varying neutrons.

Question 11

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

Answer 11

A scale for measuring atomic mass.

Question 12

Atomic Weight

Answer 12

The weight of an atom

Question 13

Periodic Table Groups

Answer 13

Vertical columns with elements having similar properties, such as Alkali metals and Halogens.

Question 14

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 14

These seven elements occur naturally as molecules containing two atoms (BrINClHOF)

Question 15

Empirical Formulas

Answer 15

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound

Question 16

Ions

Answer 16

Formed by loss (cations) or gain (anions) of electrons.

Question 17

Naming Ionic Compounds

Answer 17

Involves listing the cation first and write its possible charge in parantheses (roman numerals). Anions ending of to -ide. If the anion is a polyatomic ion, simply write the name of it.

Ex: Co2S3 –> Cobalt (III) SulfIDE

Question 18

Transition Metals

Answer 18

Require Roman numerals for variable charges in naming.

Question 19

Oxyanions

Answer 19

Named based on oxygen count, using -ite for fewer and -ate for more.

Question 20

Alkanes

Answer 20

Simplest hydrocarbons named with prefixes (meth-, eth-, etc.) ending in -ane.

Question 21

Alcohols

Answer 21

Derived from alkanes, ending in -ol; isomers have the same formula but different structures.