Chem Intro

Question 1

Partial positive or negative charge

Answer 1

formed by hydrophilic compounds interacting with water.

Question 2

Ionic bonds

Answer 2

atoms are bound by attraction of opposite ions

Question 3

Covalent bonds

Answer 3

atoms are bound by sharing electrons to attain stable electron configurations. Examples are peptide bonds, C-H bonds, C-C bonds.

Question 4

Peptide bonds

Answer 4

covalent bond between amino acids. the Carboxyl group of one amino acids shares electrons with amino group of another amino acid.

Question 5

Van Der Waals Forces

Answer 5

the sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules and play an important role in stabilizing the stacked bases in DNA and the stacked hydrocarbon tails in the cell membrane.

Question 6

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 6

result in the formation of a electronegativity (also called a dipole), which results from a non-uniform distribution of electrons. If we use water, there will be a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative on the oxygen.

Question 7

Nonpolar

Answer 7

a molecule may be nonpolar either when there is an equal sharing of electrons between the two atoms of a diatomic molecule or because of the symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds in a more complex molecule.

Nonpolar compounds cannot interact with water because they are unable to form dipole.

Question 8

Polar compounds

Answer 8

Cannot interact with lipids because the lipids cannot form a dipole. Polar bonds are when two elements or atoms are unequally sharing an electron pair.

Question 9

Electronegativity

Answer 9

measure of how strongly an atom will pull on an electron.

for example, oxygen is very electronegative and will pull so strongly on electrons that a water molecule will have a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.

Question 10

Functional groups

Answer 10

parts of compounds that can react with other compounds.

for example, an OH group is a more reactive functional group than a CH3 group.

Question 11

Carboxylic acid

Answer 11

organic acids found in lipids and polyamides of amino-carboxylic acids re the main components of proteins.

Question 12

Alcohols

Answer 12

organic compounds commonly found in carbohydrates and amino acid R groups.

Question 13

Amides

Answer 13

form amide linkages which are a defining molecular feature of proteins, the secondary structure of which is due in part to the hydrogen bonding abilities of amides.

Question 14

amines

Answer 14

weak bases and are a feature of proteins; they can form hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds when protonated.

Question 15

methyl groups

Answer 15

very stable and occur in many organic compounds

Question 16

phosphate groups

Answer 16

negatively charged and are found in nucleic acids and are more commonly added onto proteins.