Chem Mock Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is fractional distillation?
A separation process that uses differences in boiling points to separate components in a mixture.
True or False: Fractional distillation can only be used for liquid mixtures.
True
Fill in the blank: The main apparatus used in fractional distillation is called a __________.
fractionating column
What is the purpose of a fractionating column in fractional distillation?
To provide a large surface area for repeated vaporization and condensation.
Which physical property is primarily utilized in fractional distillation?
Boiling point
Multiple Choice: What is one common use of fractional distillation?
To separate crude oil into its components.
What happens to the temperature during fractional distillation as the process continues?
It generally remains constant for each fraction until the component with the next highest boiling point is reached.
True or False: Fractional distillation is more efficient than simple distillation.
True
What type of mixtures is fractional distillation most effective for?
Liquid mixtures with close boiling points.
Fill in the blank: In fractional distillation, the component with the __________ boiling point vaporizes first.
lowest
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component typically separated by fractional distillation?
Solid metals
What is the role of a condenser in fractional distillation?
To cool vapor back into liquid form.
True or False: The efficiency of fractional distillation can be affected by the design of the fractionating column.
True
What is a key advantage of fractional distillation over simple distillation?
It can separate components with closer boiling points.
Fill in the blank: The technique of __________ can be used to purify liquids that are not well separated by fractional distillation.
repeated fractional distillation
What is the purpose of packing in a fractionating column?
To increase surface area for vaporization and condensation.
Multiple Choice: Which of these is a common application of fractional distillation?
Production of alcoholic beverages.
What is the term for the liquid collected from the distillation process?
Distillate
True or False: The distillation process can be done under reduced pressure.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ temperature is the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into vapor.
boiling
What type of distillation is used when separating azeotropes?
Azeotropic distillation
Multiple Choice: What is an azeotrope?
A mixture of two or more liquids that has a constant boiling point.
What is the importance of the reflux ratio in fractional distillation?
It determines the efficiency of separation.
True or False: The higher the reflux ratio, the better the separation in fractional distillation.
True
