Chem/Phys Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Relate ohms law and power
A
P=IV=V²/R=I²R
2
Q
Energy of a capacitor
A
U = 1/2QV
3
Q
Charge of a capacitor
A
C = Q/V
4
Q
Work
A
ΔKE
PΔV
FdCosθ
Si unit: Joule = Nm
5
Q
Power
A
Work/Time
P=IV
Si Unit: Watt = J/s
6
Q
Joules
A
Unit for Energy or Work
also, N*m
7
Q
Watt
A
Unit for Power
also, J/s & Nm/s
8
Q
kilo
A
10^3
9
Q
micro
A
10^-6
10
Q
nano
A
10^-9
11
Q
milli
A
10^-3
12
Q
Which is the limiting reagent
4A + 2B -> C
A
A
the one that produces the least amount of product
the one that has a greater mol ratio of react:prod
13
Q
7*4
A
28
14
Q
wavelength of a harmonic?
A
λ = 2L/n n = harmonic
1st harmonic has 2 nodes and 1 antinode
2nd harmonic has 3 nodes and 2 antinodes
3rd harmonic has 4 nodes and 3 antinodes
15
Q
wavelength of a harmonic in a closed tube?
A
λ = 4L/n n = harmonic
closed tube is the distance from one node to one antinode aka 1/4 of a total wave
open tube is the distance from one antinode to another antinode aka 1/2 of a total wave
16
Q
Period of a wave
A
the time it takes for a sound particle to complete one oscillation
1/f
measured in SECONDS
17
Q
decibel equation and threshold of human hearing
A
Decibel = 10 log intensity/threshold intensity (10^-12)
18
Q
Note than an increase of 10 dB is an increase in
intensity by a factor of __. An increase of 20 dB is an
increase in intensity by a factor of __.
A
10; 100
19
Q
Intensity
equation, units
A
Power/Area
Units: Watts/m²
20
Q
Doppler Effect equation
A
f′ = f (v±vd)/(v±vs)
21
Q
Gibbs Free Energy equation
A
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
22
Q
Ionization Energy
A
energy required to remove an electron. goes up with electronegativity. I > Br > Cl > F
23
Q
the energy of activation for a reaction is given by
A
the energy of the activated complex - the reactants
24
Q
current is measured in
A
Amperes
Q/t
charge/time
coulombs/sec
25
log 1000
3 (10^3=1000)
26
log 1
0 (10^0=1)
27
sound travels fastest in a ___ ___ and slowest in a ___ ___
not dense solid; dense gas
28
Frequency
number of cycles a sound particles has made (oscillations from equilibrium and back) in one sec
measured in Hz
29
What happens in alpha decay
emits a 4|2 He
| move to the left on the ptable to find the new compound
30
What happens in beta decay
a neutron decays into a proton
an 0|-1 electron is emitted
move to the right on the ptable to find the new compound
31
What happens in gamma decay
compound emits a high energy particle. no change to mass or atomic number
32
NADH and FADH2 and NADPH are ____ agents. They help bring about the ____ of another compound
reducing agents; oxidation
33
If the reaction is spontaneous, the value of K must __ 1
By ΔG = –RTln(Keq), the value of K is greater than 1
As K goes up, ΔG gets more negative
34
Calcium and Magnesium belong to what group on the ptable?
alkaline earth metals
35
Ca2+(aq) + CO32–(aq) CaCO3(s)
| Whats the Ksp equation?
Ksp = [Ca2+][CO32–]
36
How do you calculate flow rate?
speed * area
Q = VA
37
Which properties of a wave are dependent on the medium? Which are not
are: speed, wavelength, amplitude
| are not: frequency (energy is constant)
38
"photon." what equation do you use?
E = hc/λ
39
sp2 hybridization. # bonds, geometry, angles, example?
3 bonds, trigonal planar, 120 degree angles, BH3
40
sp3 hybridization. # bonds, geometry, angles, example?
4 bonds, tetrahedral, 109.5, CH4
41
trigonal bipyramidal example
PCl5. 5 bonds to central atom. 90, 120, and 180 degree angles
42
Octahedral example
SF6. 6 bonds to central atom
| 90 and 180 degree angles
43
You have a nonpolar eluent in a column chromatograph. what compound will you see come out first
alkane first. most polar compound last
44
In silica gel chromatography, silica is a ____ stationary phase so ____ compounds will travel farther and have a ____ Rf
polar, nonpolar, greater
45
carboxylic acid has a < or > boiling point than a primary alcohol
higher. more polar = tighter bonds = higher bp
46
CHO
Aldehyde Group
47
Henderson Hasselbach
pH = pKa + log (base/acid)
48
migration of a hydrogen atom from an α-carbon atom to an oxygen atom
tautomerism
49
if a base is added to a solution of acid and base the pH will go up or down?
pH will go up a little, become slightly more basic
50
Why is NaNO2 basic?
NO2 reacts with water to form HNO2
51
dielectric
an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field.
An uncharged substance that can increase the capacitance of a capactor by decreasing the voltage separation (C=Q/V)
52
two compounds are made, one bigger than the other. what is the yield in mL of one relative to the other?
the bigger one will take more moles to make, so it will have a smaller volumetric yield by PV=nRT
53
a weak acid has an ionization constant of what?
much less than 1. eg. acetic acid (CH3COOH) has a pka of 1 x 10^-5
54
in Denver there is a ___ atm and liquid boils at a ___ temp and freezes at a ___ temperature
Denver has lower atm; lower; higher
55
Molar Solubility
How many moles of solute will dissolve in 1L. Derived from Ksp (Solubility product equilibrium constant)
PbI2(s) ⇆ Pb(aq) + I2(aq) Ksp = [Pb][I]^2
aka [Pb] or 2 x [I]
56
A low Ksp means your compound is ____ reactive
not very
57
You see an aromatic double bond. What do you think?
conjugated system, color
delocalization of electrons
planar
2n+1 pi electrons (2,6,10,14)
58
Kcat
catalytic turnover
kcat = vmax/km
kcat/km is catalytic efficiency
59
Km
substrate concentration when rate of reaction (v) is 1/2 vmax
a small km, means a high catalytic efficiency
60
density equation
mass/volume kg/m^3
61
specific gravity
concept and quantity
density of the substance/density of water. water has a density of 10^3 kg/m^3
62
weight
F=ma
F=mg
and since ρ=m/v... m=ρv
F= ρgV
63
pressure
Force/area N/m^2
64
for static fluids of uniform density in a sealed vessel, pressure is
P=ρgz
65
Absolute Pressure
P= Po + ρgz
66
Gauge Pressure
Pg = P - Patm
67
Continuity Equation
A1V1 = A2V2
68
Bernoulli's Equation
P + 1/2ρv^2 + ρgh = constant
69
Archimedes Principle
concept and equation
F = ρgV, V=volume submerged
Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
70
Pascal's Principle
concept and equation
Hydraulic Lift. A change in the pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel. Aka you can lift heavy shit if yo uincrease distance
```
P = F1/A1 = F2/A2 ; A1d1 = A2d2 so
W= F1/d1 = F2/d2
```
71
Poiseuille's law equation
R = 8hl/πr^4
72
Reactivity hierarchy of carboxylic acid derivatives
acyl halide > anhydride > ester/acid > amide
73
creating a bond ____ energy
releases
74
amide
R(C=O)NR’R’’
75
ester
R(C=O)OR'
76
acid anhydride
R(C=O)O(C=O)R'
77
acid halide
R(C=O)X
78
Amine
R-NH2, R-NHR', or R-NR'R"
medium melting/boiling point
can act as weak base
79
imine
R=NH or R=NR
medium melting, boiling point
can act as weak base
80
enamine
C=C-NH2, C=C-NHR, C=C-NRR'
medium melting, boiling point
can act as weak base
81
azide
N3- powerful nucleophile (like OH-)
82
thiol
R-S-H
| sulfur containing analogy of alcohol
83
thioether
R-S-R'
| sulfur containing analog of ether
84
Raoult's Law
| concepts (3) and equations (2)
heterogeneous solute-solvent interactions result in vapor pressure depression --> boiling point elevation and freezing point depression
```
dTb = iKbm
dTf = iKfm
```
85
Complex ion
extremely stable cations bonded to at least one electron pair donor. held together with coordinate covalent bonds. eg. hemoglobin
86
chelation
complexes in which central cation bonds to 1 ligand in multiple different places. used to sequester toxic materials
87
dissolution of solute into solution depends on what two factors
change in enthalpy (go = exothermic, -dH)
change in entropy (go = ^ entropy, +dS)
equation: dG = dH - TdS
88
6*4
24
89
dissolution of gas into liquid is what in terms of enthalpy?
exothermic
90
dissolution of solid is what in terms of enthalpy
endothermic
91
molar solubility
direct measure of how much solid dissolves in solution
aka Molarity
measured in: mol solute/ L soln
92
6*3
18
