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Psych/Soc Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Functionalism

A

Study of the structure and function of each part of society and how they fit together like an organism

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2
Q

Conflict theory

A

Power struggle (Marx)

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3
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Interpretation of meaning among social actors

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4
Q

Social Constructionism

A

Assigning meaning to things in society, as agreed upon by social actors (dollar bills)

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5
Q

Rational Choice and Exchange Theory

A

Rational Choice - Weighing pros and cons to make decision

Exchange - reinforcing decisions with social approval/dissaproval

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6
Q

Social Interaction

A

Actions performed in relation to those around you. How a group setting influences that behavior (groupthink)

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7
Q

social action

A

Actions you perform bc others are around

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8
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

How norms spread through society

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9
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

School, family, religion, pop culture

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10
Q

Incentive Theory

A

A theory of motivation in which you perform a behavior for an extrinsic reward

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11
Q

Drive-Reduction Theory

A

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates you to satisfy that need

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12
Q

Humanistic Theory

A

The idea that you can reach your ideal self and maximize your potential. Think Maslow/Rogers

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13
Q

Social Capital

A

The social mobility you gain from connections. Effie.

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14
Q

Cultural Capital

A

The social mobility you gain from your education, the way you dress, how you speak. Being raised in Beverly Hills.

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15
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

We will outgrow our resources and need war, disease, and later marriage for population control

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16
Q

Features of a developed nation

A

Low birth rate AND low fertility rate

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17
Q

Demographic trends of industrialization

A

1) death rate down
2) population growth
3) birth rate down
4) population stabilization
5) potential decline

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18
Q

Instinctual Drift

A

Tendency of animals to revert back to their innate behavior if operant behavior is not reinforced

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19
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus such that the neutral stimulus alone produces the same response as the unconditioned stimulus

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20
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Changing the freq of a behavior with reinforcement or punishment

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21
Q

Spreading Activation

A

Once you activate a concept, you will start thinking of things related or associated with it

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22
Q

Actor/Observer Bias

A

Actor attributes behavior to environment; observer attributes behavior to disposition (ur socially awk)

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23
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

All people respond to stressors similarly

1) alarm
2) resistance
3) exhaustion

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24
Q

This experiment is “valid”

A

An appropriate way to test what we’re asking

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25
This experiment is "reliable"
Repeatable
26
Generalization
A stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus can also produce a conditioned response (little Albert white rabbit)
27
Behaviorism
BF Skinners idea that all behaviors are conditioned
28
Escape learning vs avoidance learning
Taking aspirin after a hangover vs drinking water and eating before drinking
29
Ratio vs variable
Reinforcing behaviors after each behavior vs a time period in which the behavior was performed
30
Anterograde amnesia
The inability to form new memories
31
Which is NOT a component of SES? occupational status, income sources, social capital, educational attainment
social capital
32
social facillitation
yerkes dodson. optimal arousal
33
Serotonin
involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, dreaming
34
Dopamine
smooth movements and postural stability
35
best reinforcement schedule
variable ratio - schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses
36
variable interval schedule
schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after a specific amount of time has passed but this amount of time is on a changing/variable schedule
37
role strain vs role conflict
strains within the obligations of one status (student:math and english) vs conflict btwn the obligations of two diff statuses (student & girlfriend)
38
ectoderm becomes...
skin, nervous system, brain mouth,
39
endoderem becomes...
gut, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, liver
40
mesoderm becomes...
muscles, heart, kidneys, urinary tract, bladder genital system
41
James-Jange
NS arousal --> conscious emotion
42
Cannon-Bard
NS arousal AND conscious emotion --> action
43
Schachter-Singer
NS arousal and cognitive appraisal (context) --> conscious emotion
44
social epidemiology
the social and cultural factors that contribute to a disease
45
Piaget's Stages
sensorimotor (0-2) - object permanence preoperational (2-7) - egocentrism, no conservation concrete operational (7-11) - logical thought formal operational (11+) - abstract thinking
46
Age 0-2 is what stage of development?
Erikson: trust/mistrust "mom will support me" Piaget: sensorimotor
47
Age 2-3 is what stage of development?
Erikson: autonomy/shamedoubt "Ben choosing dif colored suspenders" Piaget: preoperational
48
Age 3-5 is what stage of development?
Erikson: initiative/guilt "why? why? why?" Piaget: preoperational
49
Age 5-13 is what stage of development?
Erikson: industry/inferiority "pride in accomplishments - gold stars for grades" Piaget: Concrete Operational
50
Age 13-21 is what stage of development?
Erikson: identity/role confusion (teenagers) "who am I?" Piaget: Formal Operational
51
Age 21-39 is what stage of development?
Erikson: intimacy/isolation "love, relationships" Piaget: Formal Operational
52
Age 40-65 is what stage of development?
Erikson: generativity/stagnation "midlifecrisis" Piaget: Formal Operational
53
Age 65+ is what stage of development?
Erikson: integrity/despair "reflection" Piaget: Formal Operational
54
schema
organized pattern of knowledge
55
accomodation
piaget's idea that we modify our schemas to accomodate new information/experiences. (schema of public transit by bus modified when you discover trains)
56
parallel processing
using multiple senses to combining different parts of a stimulus (shape, size, smell, feel)
57
selective attention
paying attention to one stimulus over distractions
58
divided attention
uses automatic processing to pay attention to multiple activities at once
59
proprioception
sensing where your body is in space
60
deviance
violating norms in society
61
catatonia
disorganized motor behavior - unusual movements OR stillness
62
Id
basic primal inborn urges to survive. wish fulfillment. unconcious primary process
63
ego
suspends the urges of the primary process to meet objective reality. secondary process.
64
I vs Me
Me is social self, I is response to me
65
Inductive reasoning vs deductive reasoning
inductive: bottom up creating a theory from generalizations vs deductive: top down creating conclusions from rules (logic puzzle)
66
negative priming
an implicit memory effect in which previous exposure to a stimulus negatively affects your response to the same stimulus (stroop color word test)
67
errors of growth
language development phenomenon where a child applies grammar rules incorrectly eg. runned instead of ran
68
limbic system
amygdala and hippocampus - emotion and memory
69
representativeness heuristic
decision making shortcut. Making judgements based on the similarity of an object or person to an existing persona vs availability heuristic (i think most ppl are smart bc the data available to me is all my smart friends)
70
elaboration likelihood model
theory in which attitudes are formed and changed through dif routes of informational processing based on the degree of deep though given to persuasive info
71
Webers Law
just noticeable difference. based on percent difference: if you notice a 15% change from A to B, you will notice a 15% change from C to D
72
Self perception
watching your own behavior and making conclusions about yourself based on it (independent of judgements from other people which affect self esteem and self image)

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