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MCAT > Psych/Soc > Flashcards

Psych/Soc Flashcards

1
Q

Functionalism

A

Study of the structure and function of each part of society and how they fit together like an organism

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2
Q

Conflict theory

A

Power struggle (Marx)

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3
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Interpretation of meaning among social actors

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4
Q

Social Constructionism

A

Assigning meaning to things in society, as agreed upon by social actors (dollar bills)

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5
Q

Rational Choice and Exchange Theory

A

Rational Choice - Weighing pros and cons to make decision

Exchange - reinforcing decisions with social approval/dissaproval

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6
Q

Social Interaction

A

Actions performed in relation to those around you. How a group setting influences that behavior (groupthink)

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7
Q

social action

A

Actions you perform bc others are around

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8
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

How norms spread through society

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9
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

School, family, religion, pop culture

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10
Q

Incentive Theory

A

A theory of motivation in which you perform a behavior for an extrinsic reward

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11
Q

Drive-Reduction Theory

A

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates you to satisfy that need

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12
Q

Humanistic Theory

A

The idea that you can reach your ideal self and maximize your potential. Think Maslow/Rogers

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13
Q

Social Capital

A

The social mobility you gain from connections. Effie.

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14
Q

Cultural Capital

A

The social mobility you gain from your education, the way you dress, how you speak. Being raised in Beverly Hills.

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15
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

We will outgrow our resources and need war, disease, and later marriage for population control

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16
Q

Features of a developed nation

A

Low birth rate AND low fertility rate

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17
Q

Demographic trends of industrialization

A

1) death rate down
2) population growth
3) birth rate down
4) population stabilization
5) potential decline

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18
Q

Instinctual Drift

A

Tendency of animals to revert back to their innate behavior if operant behavior is not reinforced

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19
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus such that the neutral stimulus alone produces the same response as the unconditioned stimulus

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20
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Changing the freq of a behavior with reinforcement or punishment

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21
Q

Spreading Activation

A

Once you activate a concept, you will start thinking of things related or associated with it

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22
Q

Actor/Observer Bias

A

Actor attributes behavior to environment; observer attributes behavior to disposition (ur socially awk)

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23
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

All people respond to stressors similarly

1) alarm
2) resistance
3) exhaustion

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24
Q

This experiment is “valid”

A

An appropriate way to test what we’re asking

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25
Q

This experiment is “reliable”

A

Repeatable

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26
Q

Generalization

A

A stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus can also produce a conditioned response (little Albert white rabbit)

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27
Q

Behaviorism

A

BF Skinners idea that all behaviors are conditioned

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28
Q

Escape learning vs avoidance learning

A

Taking aspirin after a hangover vs drinking water and eating before drinking

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29
Q

Ratio vs variable

A

Reinforcing behaviors after each behavior vs a time period in which the behavior was performed

30
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

The inability to form new memories

31
Q

Which is NOT a component of SES? occupational status, income sources, social capital, educational attainment

A

social capital

32
Q

social facillitation

A

yerkes dodson. optimal arousal

33
Q

Serotonin

A

involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, dreaming

34
Q

Dopamine

A

smooth movements and postural stability

35
Q

best reinforcement schedule

A

variable ratio - schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

36
Q

variable interval schedule

A

schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after a specific amount of time has passed but this amount of time is on a changing/variable schedule

37
Q

role strain vs role conflict

A

strains within the obligations of one status (student:math and english) vs conflict btwn the obligations of two diff statuses (student & girlfriend)

38
Q

ectoderm becomes…

A

skin, nervous system, brain mouth,

39
Q

endoderem becomes…

A

gut, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, liver

40
Q

mesoderm becomes…

A

muscles, heart, kidneys, urinary tract, bladder genital system

41
Q

James-Jange

A

NS arousal –> conscious emotion

42
Q

Cannon-Bard

A

NS arousal AND conscious emotion –> action

43
Q

Schachter-Singer

A

NS arousal and cognitive appraisal (context) –> conscious emotion

44
Q

social epidemiology

A

the social and cultural factors that contribute to a disease

45
Q

Piaget’s Stages

A

sensorimotor (0-2) - object permanence
preoperational (2-7) - egocentrism, no conservation
concrete operational (7-11) - logical thought
formal operational (11+) - abstract thinking

46
Q

Age 0-2 is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: trust/mistrust “mom will support me”

Piaget: sensorimotor

47
Q

Age 2-3 is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: autonomy/shamedoubt “Ben choosing dif colored suspenders”

Piaget: preoperational

48
Q

Age 3-5 is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: initiative/guilt “why? why? why?”

Piaget: preoperational

49
Q

Age 5-13 is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: industry/inferiority “pride in accomplishments - gold stars for grades”

Piaget: Concrete Operational

50
Q

Age 13-21 is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: identity/role confusion (teenagers) “who am I?”

Piaget: Formal Operational

51
Q

Age 21-39 is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: intimacy/isolation “love, relationships”

Piaget: Formal Operational

52
Q

Age 40-65 is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: generativity/stagnation “midlifecrisis”

Piaget: Formal Operational

53
Q

Age 65+ is what stage of development?

A

Erikson: integrity/despair “reflection”

Piaget: Formal Operational

54
Q

schema

A

organized pattern of knowledge

55
Q

accomodation

A

piaget’s idea that we modify our schemas to accomodate new information/experiences. (schema of public transit by bus modified when you discover trains)

56
Q

parallel processing

A

using multiple senses to combining different parts of a stimulus (shape, size, smell, feel)

57
Q

selective attention

A

paying attention to one stimulus over distractions

58
Q

divided attention

A

uses automatic processing to pay attention to multiple activities at once

59
Q

proprioception

A

sensing where your body is in space

60
Q

deviance

A

violating norms in society

61
Q

catatonia

A

disorganized motor behavior - unusual movements OR stillness

62
Q

Id

A

basic primal inborn urges to survive. wish fulfillment. unconcious primary process

63
Q

ego

A

suspends the urges of the primary process to meet objective reality. secondary process.

64
Q

I vs Me

A

Me is social self, I is response to me

65
Q

Inductive reasoning vs deductive reasoning

A

inductive: bottom up creating a theory from generalizations vs
deductive: top down creating conclusions from rules (logic puzzle)

66
Q

negative priming

A

an implicit memory effect in which previous exposure to a stimulus negatively affects your response to the same stimulus (stroop color word test)

67
Q

errors of growth

A

language development phenomenon where a child applies grammar rules incorrectly eg. runned instead of ran

68
Q

limbic system

A

amygdala and hippocampus - emotion and memory

69
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

decision making shortcut. Making judgements based on the similarity of an object or person to an existing persona

vs availability heuristic (i think most ppl are smart bc the data available to me is all my smart friends)

70
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

theory in which attitudes are formed and changed through dif routes of informational processing based on the degree of deep though given to persuasive info

71
Q

Webers Law

A

just noticeable difference.

based on percent difference: if you notice a 15% change from A to B, you will notice a 15% change from C to D

72
Q

Self perception

A

watching your own behavior and making conclusions about yourself based on it

(independent of judgements from other people which affect self esteem and self image)

MCAT (4 decks)

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