Chem/Phys Exam III

Question 1

4 physical states of matter

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 2

Solids

Answer 2

-have a definite shape and volume
-have a movement (vibrate)
—molecules are touching and do not separate
-held in place by intermolecular forces
-non-compressible

Question 3

Liquid

Answer 3

• Definite volume, no definite shape
• molecule are touching but have more movement
• intermolecular forces are weaker and allow the molecules to slide past each other
• non-compressible

Question 4

Gases

Answer 4

• have no definite shape or volume
• expand to fill the container
• molecules are not touching and have more movement
• no intermolecular forces
• Compressible

Question 5

Heat of Fusion

Answer 5

Amt. of E necessary to melt a solid int liquid phase

Question 6

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 6

Ant. of E necessary to vaporize a liquid into gas phase

Question 7

3 types of intermole-cular forces

Answer 7

London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding

Question 8

Dipole -dipole forces

Answer 8

-polar molecule
Ex: acetone
-boiling point 56C, liquid @room temp

Question 9

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 9

• polar molecular
• Strongest type of dipole bond
• boiling point 100C, liquid @room temp

Question 10

London dispersion forces

Answer 10

• non-polar molecule
• ex. CH4
• weakest type of inter-molecular bond
• boiling pt. -164, gas @room temp

Question 11

Type of Bond

Answer 11

Ionic and Covalent

Question 12

Ionic Bond

Answer 12

• one atom donates electron to another

- ex: Na+ and CL-= NaCL

Question 13

Covalent bond

Answer 13

-atoms share electrons

Ex. H+ and O- = H2O

Question 14

Hydrogen Bonding occurs when:

Answer 14

• a H atom is bonded directly to O, N or F

Question 15

Surfactant Lowers

Answer 15

Surface tension

Question 16

Without Surfactant

Answer 16

• the thin film of fluid lining the alveoli could cause the walls to stick together and collapse
• surfactant reduces the surface tension so this doesn’t happen

Question 17

Inhaled anesthetics comes in what form?

Answer 17

Liquid

Question 18

How do inhaled Anesthetics change from liquid to vapor

Answer 18

Vaporizers

Question 19

Vapor pressure

Answer 19

-when molecules of a liquid escapes into the gas phase, they collide with the walls of the container, exerting a force on the walls

Question 20

An increased in temp causes an increase in

Answer 20

-vapor Pressure and in “Volatility”

Question 21

For enflurane, A= 7.967
Torr, B= -1678 torr x K
What is the vapor presser of enflurane at 25C?

Answer 21

LogP=7.967+-1678/298K
LogP=2.34(now need to take the antilog to solve for P)
On your calculator, antilog is 10x
Antilog (2.34)= 102.34= 217 torr (same as 217mmHg)

Question 22

What does Vapor Pressure determine of a volatile anesthetic in a gas mixture

Answer 22

-mole fraction or Partial Pressure
Ex: If O2 is sent through a vaporizer with liquid enflurane, the composition of the O2 enflurane mixture will depend on the temp. Of the vaporizer and the pressure of the O2.

Question 23

The mole fraction is calculated as follows:
Xenflurane= vapor pressure of enflurane =217torr
Total pressure 750= 0.29

Answer 23

Find Mole fraction of enflurane: We run O2 at 750 torr through a vaporizer so that it becomes saturated with enflurane. In this case, we are at room temp. 25C; the partial pressure of enflurane.
The pressure of the mixture is still 750 torr, but part of this is now composed of enflurane

Question 24

Boiling point

Answer 24

The temp at which the vapor pressure is equal to the ambient pressure (normally one atmosphere)

Question 25

Boiling point of a liquid will increase if:

Answer 25

The pressure on the liquid is increased Ex: Water normally boils into steam at 100C, but in a sealed pressured auto-clave, the boiling point increase to 120C or more.

Question 26

Gas to solid phase change

Answer 26

Deposition

Question 27

Solid to Gas phase change

Answer 27

Sublimation

Question 28

Heat of fusion

Answer 28

Energy required to melt a solid into liquid

Question 29

Heat of vaporization

Answer 29

Energy required to vaporize a liquid into gas

Question 30

Intermolecular forces

Answer 30

Dipole-dipole: partial charge on molecules interact. Hydrogen bonding: strongest type of dipole bond. London dispersion forces: non-polar molecules, weakest intermolecular bond due to transient shifts in charge locations on molecular.

Question 31

Example of dipole-dipole bond

Answer 31

Acetone -boils at 56C, liquid at room temp

Question 32

London dispersion force example

Answer 32

CH4 (methane) boiling pt: -164C, gas at room temp

Question 33

Covalent vs. ionic bonds

Answer 33

...

Question 34

Surfactant

Answer 34

Reduces surface tension, and amphipathic molecules line up with hydrophilic end to alveoli wall white hydrophobic end faces in

Question 35

High volatility meaning

Answer 35

Liquid has a higher evaporation, or tendency to change into a gas

Question 36

Vapor pressure in relationships to atmospheric pressure (760torr)

Answer 36

when vapor pressure of a liquid reaches ambient pressure (760torr), this is its boiling point

Question 37

Clausius- Clapeyron equation (know for test)

Answer 37

Modified form that we need to use: LogP= A+ B/T ``` P= vapor pressure A= will always be given (torr) B= will always be given (torr * K) T= degree in K ``` A and B are set values for each specific liquid