chem spring exam vocab

Question 1

specific patterns in the periodic table that make it possible to make predictions about an element’s properties

Answer 1

periodic trends

Question 2

as the atomic number increases, the nuclear attraction for electrons increases, thus pulling the electrons in more tightly to the nucleus

Answer 2

Coulomb’s Law

Question 3

one half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together

Answer 3

atomic radius

Question 4

a measure of how readily an atom will react

Answer 4

reactivity

Question 5

when electrons in the inner energy levels block the attraction of the nucleus to the valence electrons

Answer 5

shielding effects

Question 6

a measure of the ability of an atom in a bond to attract electrons

Answer 6

electronegativity

Question 7

a measure of a neutral atom’s ability to gain an electron

Answer 7

electron affinity

Question 8

the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

Answer 8

ionization energy

Question 9

the charge of an ion

Answer 9

oxidation numbers

Question 10

the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic compound

Answer 10

ionic radius

Question 11

a force/mutual electrical attraction that holds atoms together in a substance

Answer 11

chemical bond

Question 12

a measure of the ability of an atom in a bond to attract electrons

Answer 12

electronegativity

Question 13

the tendency of atoms to prefer to have 8 valence electrons

Answer 13

octet rule

Question 14

compound formed when 2 or more elements are covalently bonded

Answer 14

molecule

Question 15

a binary ionic compound between 1 kind of metal atom and 1 kind of nonmetal atom

Answer 15

salt

Question 16

network of cations and anions that are mutually attracted to one another

Answer 16

crystal lattice

Question 17

a compound made of positive and negative ions that chemically bond in a way that the charges equal out

Answer 17

ionic compound

Question 18

formed when electrons are transferred from the cation to the anion

Answer 18

ionic bond

Question 19

charged atoms

Answer 19

ions

Question 20

positively charged atom from losing electrons

Answer 20

cation

Question 21

negatively charged atom from gaining electrons

Answer 21

anion

Question 22

a positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded group of atoms

Answer 22

polyatomic ion

Question 23

metals that “transition” because they can from so many different ions

Answer 23

transition metal

Question 24

made of 2 elements that transfer electrons in an ionic bond

Answer 24

binary ionic compounds

Question 25

made of one (or more) covalently bonded charged group of atoms that transfer electrons in an ionic bond

Answer 25

compounds with polyatomic ions

Question 26

made of 2 elements that share electrons in a covalent bond

Answer 26

binary molecular compounds

Question 27

an interaction that holds metal atoms together through a shared pool of valence electrons

Answer 27

metallic bond

Question 28

electrons not associated with single atom or bond

Answer 28

delocalized electrons

Question 29

a solution of two metals mixed together

Answer 29

alloy

Question 30

a compound formed when two or more atoms share electrons

Answer 30

covalent compound

Question 31

the bond between nonmetallic atoms that share electrons

Answer 31

covalent bond

Question 32

a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Answer 32

molecule

Question 33

when two elements of the same element exist naturally as a molecule

Answer 33

diatomic elements

Question 34

when electrons are unequally shared

Answer 34

polar covalent

Question 35

when electrons are equally shared, and the difference in electronegativity is 0

Answer 35

nonpolar covalent

Question 36

process by which substances collide with enough energy that new bonds are formed between atoms, thus creating new substances

Answer 36

chemical reaction

Question 37

starting substances

Answer 37

reactants

Question 38

ending substances

Answer 38

products

Question 39

dissolved in water

Answer 39

aqueous

Question 40

______ are placed in front of a substance and represent ratios of reactants to products. They are used for balancing reactions and can be changed

Answer 40

coefficients

Question 41

____ are the small numbers within each chemical formula that show the ratio of atoms in a compound. They cannot be changed because changing them changes the identity of the substance

Answer 41

subscripts

Question 42

a binary compound with at least 1 atom of oxygen

Answer 42

oxide

Question 43

a compound made of anions and cations

Answer 43

salt

Question 44

the decomposition of a substance by an electric current

Answer 44

electrolysis

Question 45

a compound made of carbon of hydrogen

Answer 45

hydrocarbon

Question 46

an insoluble solid that forms from the ions of two aqueous compounds

Answer 46

precipitate

Question 47

a list of elements in the order in which they will easily undergo certain chemical reactions

Answer 47

activity series

Question 48

unit of measurement for the amount of a substance

Answer 48

mole

Question 49

6.022 x 10^23; the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance

Answer 49

Avogadro's number

Question 50

the mass of one mole of pure substance (measured in g/mol)

Answer 50

molar mass

Question 51

ratio of equivalent values (that equal 1)

Answer 51

conversion factor

Question 52

the sum of the average atomic masses of a compound's elements (measured in amu)

Answer 52

formula mass

Question 53

percentage (based on Mass) of each element in a compound

Answer 53

percentage composition