Chem Term Review

Question 1

the chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons

Answer 1

metallic bonding

Question 2

metals are composed of atom cores surround by free moving valence electrons. The electrons can more from one metal atom to another

Answer 2

electron sea model

Question 3

created by slightly positive and negative charges (opposite charges) that are separated by a short distance.

Answer 3

dipole

Question 4

the intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule (i.e., H2O)

Answer 4

hydrogen bonding

Question 5

the intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles called this.

Answer 5

London dispersion forces

Question 6

electrons that move freely about the electron sea (they do not have a “home” atom)

Answer 6

delocalized electrons

Question 7

states that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom cause these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible (it leads to molecular geometrical shapes)

Answer 7

VSEPR Theory

Question 8

orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom (carbon bonding)

Answer 8

hybrid orbitals

Question 9

a pair of electrons of an atom that DO NOT bond

Answer 9

lone pair electrons

Question 10

a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for shared electrons (ex. HCl)

Answer 10

polar-covalent bond

Question 11

chemical bond that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions (the giving up of electrons)

Answer 11

ionic bond

Question 12

a covalent bond in which the bonding of electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of an electrical charge (ex. H2)

Answer 12

nonpolar-covalent bond

Question 13

a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Answer 13

single bond

Question 14

a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons is shared between two atoms

Answer 14

double bond

Question 15

a covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons is shared between two atoms

Answer 15

triple bond

Question 16

the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheats

Answer 16

malleability

Question 17

forces between molecules

Answer 17

intermolecular forces

Question 18

the ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce

Answer 18

ductility

Question 19

the simplest collection of atoms from an ionic compound’s formula can be established

Answer 19

formula unit

Question 20

the 3-dimensional arrangement of + and - ions (like NaCl) in a complex shape

Answer 20

crystal lattice

Question 21

Bond angle and name for NH3

Answer 21

107.5 trigonal pyramidal

Question 22

Bond angle and name for H2O

Answer 22

104.5 bent or angular

Question 23

Bond angle and name for CH4

Answer 23

109.5 tetrahedral (electrons farthest away from e/o here)

Question 24

linear angle - give degrees

Answer 24

180

Question 25

Trigonal planar - give degrees

Answer 25

120

Question 26

an atom or molecule that has gain or lost one or more electrons and has a negative and positive charge

Answer 26

ion

Question 27

compound composed of ions bound together by electrostatic attraction (#anions = #of cations)

Answer 27

ionic compound

Question 28

a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules

Answer 28

molecular compound

Question 29

a positive ion

Answer 29

cation

Question 30

a negative ion

Answer 30

anion

Question 31

an ion formed from a single atom

Answer 31

monatomic ion

Question 32

ion formed from multiple atoms

Answer 32

polyatomic ion

Question 33

the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be established

Answer 33

formula unit

Question 34

the sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms represented in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion

Answer 34

formula mass

Question 35

a formula showing the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound (ex H₂O)

Answer 35

molecular formula

Question 36

the mass of one mole of a pure substance

Answer 36

molar mass

Question 37

the symbols for the elements combined in a compound with subscripts showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound

Answer 37

empirical formula

Question 38

a substance that reacts in a chemical change

Answer 38

reactant

Question 39

a substance that is formed by a chemical change

Answer 39

product

Question 40

Where is the subscript and coefficient?

Answer 40

Question 41

an equation that has the same amount of atoms on both sides

Answer 41

balanced equation

Question 42

the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12

Answer 42

mole

Question 43

the mass of one mole of a pure substance

Answer 43

molar mass

Question 44

a conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction

Answer 44

mole ratio

Question 45

the reactant that limits the amounts of the other reactants that can combine—and the amount of product that can form—in a chemical reaction

Answer 45

limiting reactant

Question 46

the substance that is not used up completely in a reaction

Answer 46

excess reactant

Question 47

the maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant

Answer 47

theoretical yield

Question 48

the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction

Answer 48

actual yield

Question 49

the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100

Answer 49

percent yield

Question 50

force per unit area of a surface

Answer 50

pressure

Question 51

exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg

Answer 51

atmosphere (pressure)

Question 52

the pressure exerted by a force of one newton acting on an area of one square meter

Answer 52

pascal

Question 53

the common unit of pressure measured from a mercury barometer

Answer 53

mm Hg

Question 54

a pressure of 1 mm Hg in honor of Torricelli’s barometer

Answer 54

torr

Question 55

the temperature -273.15C. is called this and is given a value of zero in the Kelvin scale

Answer 55

absolute zero

Question 56

the mathematical relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and # of moles of a gas (PV = nRT)

Answer 56

ideal gas

Question 57

a collision where there is no net loss of total kinetic energy

Answer 57

elastic collision

Question 58

the conditions of exactly 1 atm pressure and 0C (273K)

Answer 58

standard temperature pressure (STP)