Chem Test Vocab

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

a generalized explanation of a set of related observations or events supported by research and good arguments.

Question 2

Law

Answer 2

a generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions.

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

the smallest unit of an element that has all the elements properties.

Question 4

Atomic Theory

Answer 4

the theory that explains the nature of matter; study of the nature of atoms and how they combine to form all types of matter.

Question 5

Proton

Answer 5

a positively charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 6

Neutron

Answer 6

a neutrally charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

a negatively charged particle in an atom, located outside of the nucleus.

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

the centre of an atom, where most of the atoms mass is concentrated, and has all the atoms positive charge.

Question 9

Electron Cloud / Electron Orbital

Answer 9

an orbital/cloud electrons circulate around the nucleus.

Question 10

Subatomic Particles

Answer 10

a particle that makes up an atom, electrons, protons and neutrons.

Question 11

Relative Mass

Answer 11

the mass of an object in comparison to the mass of another object.

Question 12

Metals

Answer 12

elements that are malleable and ductile, and conduct electricity and heat; most elements are metals.

Question 13

Metalloids

Answer 13

elements with metallic and non-metallic properties, decent conductors.

Question 14

Non-Metals

Answer 14

elements that do not resemble metals; non-metals are brittle and generally do not conduct electricity and heat.

Question 15

Alloy

Answer 15

a solution of two or more metals.

Question 16

Chemical Symbol

Answer 16

A one or two letter abbreviation used to designate an element.

Question 17

Chemical Formula

Answer 17

a formula that identifies which elements, and how many atoms or ions of each, are in a compound.

Question 18

Periodic Table

Answer 18

a chart that organizes all of the elements in rows and columns.

Question 19

Isotopes

Answer 19

atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses.

Question 20

Periodic Law

Answer 20

a generalized description starting that elements arranged in order of atomic numbers show a periodic repetition of properties.

Question 21

Atomic Number

Answer 21

the number of protons in an atom of an element.

Question 22

Atomic Mass

Answer 22

the average mass of an elements atoms.

Question 23

Atomic Mass Units (AMU)

Answer 23

a unit of measure used to measure an atoms mass.

Question 24

Mass Number

Answer 24

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atoms.

Question 25

Ion

Answer 25

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge as the result of losing or gaining electrons.

Question 26

Ion Charge

Answer 26

an electric charge that an atom or group of joined atoms takes on when it loses or gains electrons.

Question 27

Transition Metals

Answer 27

Elements in the middle of the periodic table.

Question 28

Period

Answer 28

one of 7 horizontal rows in the periodic table.

Question 29

Group / Family

Answer 29

one of 18 vertical columns in the periodic table; classifications of elements with certain shared physical and chemical properties (also knows as a chemical family)

Question 30

Alkali Metals

Answer 30

elements found in group 1 of the periodic table, these metals have low melting points and react easily with water and air.

Question 31

Halogens

Answer 31

Elements found in group 17 of the periodic table; these non-metals are all very reactive

Question 32

Noble Gases

Answer 32

Elements found in group 18 of the periodic table; these gases are not chemically reactive except in certain special situations.

Question 33

Property

Answer 33

a characteristic that describes a substance.

Question 34

Physical Property

Answer 34

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured.

Question 35

Chemical Property

Answer 35

a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a new substance or substances; how a substance interacts with other substances, such as acids, or how it reacts to heat and light.

Question 36

Element

Answer 36

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Question 37

Compound

Answer 37

a pure substance made from two or more elements that are chemically combined together.

Question 38

Molecule

Answer 38

a group of atoms that share electrons; molecular compounds contain molecules.

Question 39

Physical Change

Answer 39

a type of change where the physical properties of matter change, not chemical.

Question 40

Chemical Change

Answer 40

a change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance or substances.

Question 41

Bohr Diagram

Answer 41

consists of a small nucleus (positively charged) surrounded by negative electrons moving around the nucleus in orbits. Electrons of higher energy level are on father orbits from the nucleus