[CHEM] Unit 10- Solutions

Question 1

The solvent is:

Answer 1

Doing the dissolving, and usually in a greater amount (ex: water)

Question 2

The solute is:

Answer 2

The one being dissolved, and usually in a smaller amount (ex: salt, or flavored powder)

Question 3

Solid solutions are ___, and examples of those include steel and ___

Answer 3

Alloys, brass

Question 4

(___) is the symbol for if something has water as its solvent

Answer 4

Aq

Question 5

Electrolytes are:

Answer 5

Acids, bases, and soluble ionic compounds

Question 6

Electrolytes ___ ___ into separate ions. This process is called ___.

Answer 6

Break up, dissociating

Question 7

___ compounds will not break into separate ions. They will only ___

Answer 7

Covalent (M+NM), break into separate molecules

Question 8

Solutions ___ be separated by filtering

Answer 8

Cannot; this is because they are, well, dissolved

Question 9

Solutions are always ___ mixtures

Answer 9

Homogeneous

Question 10

The 1st factor that affects solubility is ___

-Nonpolar solvents only dissolve ___ solvents
-Polar solvents only dissolve ___ and ___ solutes
-“___dissolves like.”

Answer 10

Nature of solute and solvent (basically polarity)

-Nonpolar
-Polar and ionic (NM+NM)
-Like

Question 11

The 2nd factor that affects solubility is ___

Answer 11

Temperature

Question 12

Gas solutes have a ___ relationship with temperature and solubility

Answer 12

Indirect (ex: soda in a hot car)

Question 13

For most solid solutes, they have a ___ relationship with temperature and solubility

Answer 13

Direct (ex: sugar in hot vs cold tea)

Question 14

The 3rd factor that affects solubility is ___

-Only affects ___ solutes
-Increasing this ___ solubility

Answer 14

Pressure

-Gas
-Increases

Question 15

IMPORTANT: The density of water is:

THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT! THIS PIECE OF INFORMATION WILL BE USEFUL IN MANY DIFFERENT CALCULATIONS!

Answer 15

1 gram per 1 mL

Question 16

If more solute is added to a supersaturated solution, the excess solute will:

Answer 16

Settle as a precipitate, leaving the solution as saturated

Question 17

Molarity is:

THIS MEANS CONVERT TO AND BACK WHEN NECESSARY!

Answer 17

M= mols of solute/LITERS of solution

REMEMBER: Solution refers to TOTAL AMOUNT

Question 18

Unless otherwise specified, the density of a dilute solution is the ___ as waters

Answer 18

Same

Question 19

Molality is:

CONVERT WHEN NECESSARY- REMEMBER, WATERS DENSITY IS 1 g per 1 liter

Answer 19

m= mols of solute/kg of solvent (H2O)

Question 20

Percent by mass is:

CONVERT WHEN NEEDED

Answer 20

%= grams of part/grams of whole x 100

[Don’t forget to do calculations for both parts!]

Question 21

Percent by volume is:

CONVERT WHEN NEEDED- REMEMBER, mols=volume/22.4

Answer 21

%= volume of part/volume of TOTAL solution x 100

[Don’t forget to do calculations for both parts!]

Question 22

Mol fraction is:

VERY LIKELY THAT CONVERSIONS ARE NEEDED

Answer 22

mols of part/mols of total

[Don’t forget to do calculations for both parts!]

[No need to multiply by 100, since this is a fraction, not a percent <3]

Question 23

Parts per million is:

CONVERT WHEN NEEDED
Be very careful when reading- an air sample is usually the whole solution

Answer 23

ppm= grams of solute/grams of solution x 1,000,000

Question 24

The dilution formula is:

CONVERT WHEN NECESSARY

Answer 24

(M1)(V1)=(M2)(V2)
M1 is original molarity
V1 is volume
M2 is new molarity
V2 is total combined volume

When something is stated as “___ of ___”, this means that those two values HAVE TO BE ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE EQUATION

Question 25

On Table G, if the value is BELOW the line, then the solution would be:

Answer 25

Unsaturated

Question 26

On Table G, if the value is ABOVE the line, then the solution would be:

Answer 26

Supersaturated

Question 27

On Table G, if the value is ON the line, then the solution would be:

Answer 27

Saturated

Question 28

On Table G, if the amount of water is changed, then the amount of solute must be:

Answer 28

Changed accordingly in any calculations

Question 29

On Table G, gases tend to curve ___

Answer 29

Down

Question 30

On Table G, solids tend to curve ___

Answer 30

Up

Question 31

On Table G, if a question has a temperature change, then the following should be done:

Answer 31

The amounts of solute at those temperatures should be obtained, and then the difference should be figured out. This will show how much will crystallize, dissolve, or evaporate.

Question 32

The more nonvolatile particles, the more the boiling point ___, the more the freezing point ___, and the more the vapor pressure ___

Answer 32

Increases, decreases, decreases

Question 33

Vapor pressure and boiling point have an ___ relationship

Answer 33

Indirect

Question 34

The Van't Hoff factor for boiling point equations is:

Answer 34

0.52

Question 35

The Van't Hoff factor for freezing point equations is:

Answer 35

-1.86

Question 36

The *i* in BP and MP equations is linked to:

Answer 36

How many ions the compound dissolves into