[CHEM] Unit 15 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
T/F: Carbids, diamonds, carbonates, cyanide, and carbon oxides are organic
A
F
2
Q
Single bond chains are unsaturated/saturated
A
Saturated
3
Q
Double and triple bond chains are unsaturated/saturated
A
Unsaturated
4
Q
Aliphatics are:
A
Open chained hydrocarbons
5
Q
What type of molecules have a hexagonal shape?
A
Aromatic molecules
6
Q
Chains with 2 separate double bonds are called:
A
Alkadienes
7
Q
A series of compounds that fit the same general formula and have similar properties is called:
A
A homologous series
8
Q
Meth- is
A
1
9
Q
Eth- is
A
2
10
Q
Prop- is
A
3
11
Q
But- is
A
4
12
Q
Pent- is
A
5
13
Q
Hex- is
A
6
14
Q
Hept- is
A
7
15
Q
Oct- is
A
8
16
Q
Non- is
A
9
17
Q
Dec- is
A
10
18
Q
Alkanes have ___ bonds
A
Single
19
Q
The general formula for alkanes is
A
CnH(2n+2)
20
Q
Alkenes have ___ bonds
A
Double
21
Q
The general formula for alkenes is
A
CnH(2n)
22
Q
Alkynes have ___ bonds
A
Triple
23
Q
The general formula for alkynes is
A
CnH(2n-2)
24
Q
Both the alkene and alkyne series start with which prefix?
A
Eth-
(it is impossible to have a single carbon to be double or tripled bonded to anything)
25
Isomers are
Chemical substances with the same molecular formulas but different structures (their properties are different)
26
If there are multiple side chains that are the same length, what should one do?
Use prefixes
2-di
3-tri
4-tetra
27
T/F: The hydroxyl group in an alcohol (OH-) is an ion
F
28
How does one determine if an alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary?
1) Locate the carbon that the OH is attached to
2) Count the number of neighboring carbons
29
How does one name an alcohol with more than 1 OH?
Use dihydroxy or trihydroxy
30
(naming): Alcohol names end in
-ol
Ex: propanol
31
What is the functional group of an ether?
An O that connects to another side chain
32
T/F: In an ether, the chains on either side of the O are side chains, and therefore end in -yl
T
33
Aldehydes are produced from
The oxidation of primary alcohols
34
T/F: The functional group of an aldehyde does not need to be on the end
F
35
What is the functional group of an aldehyde?
A double-bonded O and single-bonded H
36
What is the functional group of a ketone?
A double-bonded O
37
Ketones are produced from
The oxidation of secondary alcohols
38
T/F: Organic acids are electrolytes
T
39
What is the functional group of an organic acid?
A double-bonded O and an OH
40
T/F: The functional group of an organic acid does not need to be on carbon #1
F
41
How are esters produced?
Organic acid + primary alcohol
42
(naming): Aldehyde names end in
-al
Ex: propanal
43
(naming): Ketone names end in
-one
Ex: 2-pentanone
44
(naming): Organic acid names end in
-oic acid
Ex: propanoic acid
45
(naming): Ester names end in
-oate
Ex: methyl propanoate
46
What is the functional group of an ester?
A double-bonded O
and
An O attached to the same carbon that leads to a side chain
47
Where does one put the -oate in esters?
On the chain with the double-bonded O
48
(naming): Amine groups end in
-amine
Ex: 1-propanamine
49
What is the functional group of an amine?
An NH2
50
T/F: The functional group of an amine does not need to be on the end
T
51
(naming) Amide names end in
-amide
Ex: propanamide
52
What is the functional group of an amide?
An NH2 and a double-bonded O
53
T/F: The functional group of an amide has to be on the end (carbon #1)
T
54
Combustion reactions are: exothermic/endothermic
Exothermic
55
The general formula of a combustion reaction is:
Hydrocarbon + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + heat
56
The general formula for a substitution reaction is:
Alkane + halogen (***DIATOMIC!!!***) --> halocarbon + acid
57
How does an addition reaction work?
By adding one atom to each end of the double or triple bond
58
What is the general formula for an addition reaction?
Alkyne/alkene + halogen/H2 --> 1 product
59
The following reaction is what type?
Ester + base --> soap + alcohol
Saponification
60
In a saponification reaction, an ester is also a what?
Fat
61
What is the general formula for a fermentation reaction?
Sugar --> 2 alcohols + 2CO2 (g)
62
T/F: The CO2 produced in a fermentation reaction IS NOT a gas
F
63
What is a monomer?
A small chain that, when bonded together into long chains, form polymers
64
What are some examples of polymers?
Plastics and fabrics
65
What are some examples of natural polymers?
Proteins, starches, and cellulose
66
What is addition polymerization used for?
Making plastics
67
How is polyethylene made and what is it made from?
Addition polymerization; ethylene
68
When unsaturated monomers join to make a longer chain, what is the process known as?
Addition polymerization
69
How does condensation polymerization work?
Monomers combine by removing water from hydroxyl groups
70
What does a condensation polymerization reaction always produce?
A polymer and water
71
What is the general formula for esterification?
An organic acid + alcohol --> an ester and water
72
When one dehydrates a primary alcohol, what does it make and what process is it known as?
Ether; etherification
73
How does cracking work?
Uses heat or a catalyst to cut apart a large molecule from petroleum (fractional distillation)
74
What is the general formula for aromatic molecules/benzenes?
CnH(2n-6)
