chemical analysis of urine 1 Flashcards

part 1

1
Q

reagents: Methyl red and Bromthymol blue

a. ph
b. sg
c. protein

A

ph ( 60 seconds)

principle: Double Indicator System
regents: METHYL RED AND BROMTHYMOL BLUE

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2
Q

normal urine ph

a. 6.0-7.5
b. 4.0 - 8.0
c. 4.5 - 8.0

A

NORMAL urine pH
- 4.5 - 8.0

first morning
5.0 - 6.0

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3
Q

during of after meal

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

A
alkaline tide (during or after meal)
      ALKALINE URINE
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4
Q

starvation

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

A

starvation

ACID URINE

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5
Q

E.COLI

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

A

presence of ACID producing bacteria (E.coli)

acid urine

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6
Q

proteus

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

A

presence of UREASE producing bacteria (Proteus and pseudomonas spp)
alkaline urine

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7
Q

meat

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

A

acid urine

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8
Q

citrus

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

A

alkaline

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9
Q

reading time for pH

a. 60 seconds
b. 120 secs
c. 40 secs

A

60 secs

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10
Q

influenced by number and particles on a solution

a. pH
b. SG
c. protein

A

sg

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11
Q

principle: Double Indicator System

a. pH
b. SG
c. protein

A

ph

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12
Q

principle: change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte

a. pH
b. SG
c. protein

A

specific gravity (45 secs)

principle: change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte

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13
Q

normal random specific gravitty

a. 1.040
b. 1.030
c. 1.000

A

normal random SG
1.002 - 1.035

radiographic dye contrast
>1.040

not a urine
<1.002

diabetes insipidus
1.000

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14
Q

most indicative of renal disease

a. pH
b. SG
c. PROTEIN

A

PROTEIN

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15
Q

produces WHITE FOAM in urine

a. ph
b. sg
c. protein

A

protein

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16
Q

clinical proteinuria

a. <30 mg/dl
b. <10 mg/dl
c. >30 mg/L

A

clinical proteinuria
>30mg/dl or > 300g/l

normal urine has little protein <10mg/dl or <100mg/24 hrs

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17
Q

protein can be found in Multiple Myeloma

a. bence jones protein
b. acute phase reactants
c. hemoglobin

A

bence jones protein

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18
Q

indicator of KImmelsteil - WIlsons disease

a. microalbinuria
b. SSA
c. glucose

A

diabetic nephropathy / kimmelstein - wilsons disease

indicator: MICROALBINURIA

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19
Q

test for microalbiminuria - MICRAL TEST, what is the POSITIVE RESULT

a. red
b. green
c. white

A

immonologic test -> micral test
(+) RED

(-_) WHITE COLOR

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20
Q

in IMMUNODIP how many minutes does the container will placed in the urine specimen

a. 3 minutes
b. 1minute
c. 5 minutes

A

immunodip - 3 minutes

micral test- strip will dipped in the urine for 5 minutes
- reading time 1 minute

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21
Q

IMMUNODIP interpretation of the result with the appearance DARKER BOTTOM BAND

A. positive

b. borderline
c. negative

A

negative - bottom

borderline - equal

top - positive

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22
Q

IMMUNODIP interpretation of the result with the appearance DARKER TOP BAND

A. positive

b. borderline
c. negative

A

negative - bottom

borderline - equal

top - positive

23
Q

immunologic test that has the reagent antibody coated blue latex

a. micral test
b. immunodip

A

immunodip
> reagents - ANTIBODY COATED BLUE LATEX PARTICLES
> sensitivity - 1.2 to 8.0 mg/dl

micral test
> reagents - GOLD LABELED ANTIBODY
- B-GALACTOSIDASE
- CHLOROPHENOL RED AND GALACTOSIDE

> SENSITIVITY - 0 TO 10 MG/DL

24
Q

abnormal A:C RATIO

A. 3.4 TO 33.9 MG/MMOL
B. 0-20UG/MIN
C. 20-200 UG/ MIN

A

ABNORMAL A:C RATIO —-> 3.4 - 33.9MG/MMOL

AER
>normal - 0-20 ug/min
> microalbiminuria - 20-200 or 30 - 300 ug/ min

25
a:c ratio what is the reagent for creatinine a. didntb b. tmb c. dbdh
creatinine strip - tmb and dbdh albumin strip - didntb (higher sensitivity and specificity for albumin)
26
a:c ratio color range for albumin ratio a. pale green to aqua blue b. orange to green to blue
albumin ratio - pale green t o aqua blue creatinine - orange (neg) to green to blue
27
what specimen will benign proteinuria can be seen? a. 24 hr urine b. random urine c. 1st morning
random urine
28
fanconi's syndrome a. pre renal b. renal c. post renal
renal - TUBULAR PROTEINURIA - fanconi syndrome (PCT)
29
amyloidosis a. pre renal b. renal c. post renal
renal - GLOMERULAR PROTEINURIA - AMYLOIDOSIS
30
MICROALBINURIA a. pre renal b. renal c. post renal
renal - GLOMERULAR PROTEINURIA - diabetic nephropathy - indicator: microalbiminuria
31
principle: Sorensen's error of indicator a. protein b. ph c. sg
protein
32
what is the ph in protein medium and what is the buffered a. ph 3 buffered with citrate b. ph 4 buffered with potassium c. ph 3 buffered with chloride
the ph medium remains constant (PH 3 BIFFERED WITH CITRATE)
33
grading in protein reagent strip quantity of albumin in grading 4+ a. 30mg/dl b. 100 mg/ dl c. 2000 mg/dl
1+ = 30mg/dl 2+ = 100 mg/dl 3+ = 300 mg/dl 4+ = 2000mg/dl
34
what is the glucose renal threshold a. 1200ml/min b. 600-700 c. 160-180 mg/dl
glucose renal threshold - 160-180 mg/dl
35
fanconi syndrome a. hyperglycemia b. renal associated
renal associated
36
increase in blood glucose, increase in urine glucose a. renal associated b. hyperglycemia
hyperglycemia causes dm, gdm , pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, pheochromcytoma, acromegaly, cushing syndrome. hypErthytoidism, liver disease, cerebrovascular accident or stroke
37
which is not associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA a, esrd b. liver disease c. dm d. acromegaly
a. esrd renal associated - fanconi syndrome, esrd, advanced renal disease, pregnancy, cystinosis
38
principle: double sequential enzymatic reaction a. ph b. sg c. glucose
glucose
39
it is added to glucose reagent strip to minimizethe interference of ascorbic acid a. potassium iodide b. iodate c. o- tuluidine
iodate
40
high levels of ascorbic acid, what is the interferences in glucose reagent strip a. false pos b. false neg
false neg
41
this is a non reducing sugar that cannot test by copper reduction test a, sucrose b. maltose c. fructose
sucrose
42
non specific test for reducing sugars a. clinitest b. ssa c. acetest
copper reduction test/ benedicts test (clinitest) - non specific test for reducing sugars ssa - cold precipitation test reacts equally with ALL FORMS OF PROTEINS acetest - for ketones
43
in clinitest reaction the heat is required and it is provided by the reaction of___________ AND____________ a. copper sulfate b. sodium carbonate c. sodium citrate d. sodium hydroxide
in clinitest reaction the heat is required and it is provided by the reaction of SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND CITRIC ACID/SODIUM CITRATE
44
which of th eff is not a component of tablet in clinitest a. sodium hydroxide b. copper sulfate c. lactose d. citric acid
c. lactose (for acetest) component of the tablet in clinitest 1. copper sulfate 2. sodium carbonate 3. sodium citrate / citric acid 4. sodium hydroxide
45
what is the color in 3+ in clinitest a. green b. blue c. orange
orange- 3+
46
what is the grading in blue color in clinitest a. 1+ b. 2+ c. negative
negative
47
it is a ketone bodies that is only detected when there is a presence of glycine a. beta hydroxybutyric acid b. acetoacetic acid (AAA) c, acetone
acetone
48
it is the major ketone but not detected in reagent strip a. beta hydroxybutyric acid b. acetoacetic acid (AAA) c, acetone
beta hydroxybutyric acid
49
how many percent does diacetic acid is? a. 78% b. 20% c. 2%
78% beta hydroxybutyric acid 20% - diacetic acid or acetoacetic acid (AAA) 2% - acetone
50
it is used as a confirmatory test for questionable reagent strip results in ketones a. icto test b. ssa c. clinitest d. acetest
acetest
51
cloudy urine a. hematuria b. hemoglobinuria c. myoglobinuria
hematuria - cloudy urine hemoglobinuria myoglobinuria - clear urine
52
presence of speckled pattern in the reagent pad a. hematuria b. hemoglobinuria c. myoglobinuria
hematuria
53
it is a result in lysis of rbc a. hematuria b. hemoglobinuria c. myoglobinuria
hemoglobinuria