chemical analysis of urine 1 Flashcards by Mary lyka Reyes

reagents: Methyl red and Bromthymol blue

a. ph
b. sg
c. protein

ph ( 60 seconds)

principle: Double Indicator System
regents: METHYL RED AND BROMTHYMOL BLUE

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normal urine ph

a. 6.0-7.5
b. 4.0 - 8.0
c. 4.5 - 8.0

NORMAL urine pH
- 4.5 - 8.0

first morning
5.0 - 6.0

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during of after meal

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

alkaline tide (during or after meal)
      ALKALINE URINE

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starvation

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

starvation

ACID URINE

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E.COLI

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

presence of ACID producing bacteria (E.coli)

acid urine

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proteus

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

presence of UREASE producing bacteria (Proteus and pseudomonas spp)
alkaline urine

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meat

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

acid urine

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citrus

a. acid urine
b. alkaline urine

alkaline

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reading time for pH

a. 60 seconds
b. 120 secs
c. 40 secs

60 secs

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influenced by number and particles on a solution

a. pH
b. SG
c. protein

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principle: Double Indicator System

a. pH
b. SG
c. protein

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principle: change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte

a. pH
b. SG
c. protein

specific gravity (45 secs)

principle: change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte

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normal random specific gravitty

a. 1.040
b. 1.030
c. 1.000

normal random SG
1.002 - 1.035

radiographic dye contrast
>1.040

not a urine
<1.002

diabetes insipidus
1.000

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most indicative of renal disease

a. pH
b. SG
c. PROTEIN

PROTEIN

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produces WHITE FOAM in urine

a. ph
b. sg
c. protein

protein

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clinical proteinuria

a. <30 mg/dl
b. <10 mg/dl
c. >30 mg/L

clinical proteinuria
>30mg/dl or > 300g/l

normal urine has little protein <10mg/dl or <100mg/24 hrs

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protein can be found in Multiple Myeloma

a. bence jones protein
b. acute phase reactants
c. hemoglobin

bence jones protein

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indicator of KImmelsteil - WIlsons disease

a. microalbinuria
b. SSA
c. glucose

diabetic nephropathy / kimmelstein - wilsons disease

indicator: MICROALBINURIA

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test for microalbiminuria - MICRAL TEST, what is the POSITIVE RESULT

a. red
b. green
c. white

immonologic test -> micral test
(+) RED

(-_) WHITE COLOR

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in IMMUNODIP how many minutes does the container will placed in the urine specimen

a. 3 minutes
b. 1minute
c. 5 minutes

immunodip - 3 minutes

micral test- strip will dipped in the urine for 5 minutes
- reading time 1 minute

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IMMUNODIP interpretation of the result with the appearance DARKER BOTTOM BAND

A. positive

b. borderline
c. negative

negative - bottom

borderline - equal

top - positive

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IMMUNODIP interpretation of the result with the appearance DARKER TOP BAND

A. positive

b. borderline
c. negative

negative - bottom

borderline - equal

top - positive

immunologic test that has the reagent antibody coated blue latex

a. micral test
b. immunodip

immunodip
> reagents - ANTIBODY COATED BLUE LATEX PARTICLES
> sensitivity - 1.2 to 8.0 mg/dl

micral test
> reagents - GOLD LABELED ANTIBODY
- B-GALACTOSIDASE
- CHLOROPHENOL RED AND GALACTOSIDE

> SENSITIVITY - 0 TO 10 MG/DL

abnormal A:C RATIO

A. 3.4 TO 33.9 MG/MMOL
B. 0-20UG/MIN
C. 20-200 UG/ MIN

ABNORMAL A:C RATIO —-> 3.4 - 33.9MG/MMOL

AER
>normal - 0-20 ug/min
> microalbiminuria - 20-200 or 30 - 300 ug/ min

a:c ratio what is the reagent for creatinine a. didntb b. tmb c. dbdh

creatinine strip - tmb and dbdh albumin strip - didntb (higher sensitivity and specificity for albumin)

a:c ratio color range for albumin ratio a. pale green to aqua blue b. orange to green to blue

albumin ratio - pale green t o aqua blue creatinine - orange (neg) to green to blue

what specimen will benign proteinuria can be seen? a. 24 hr urine b. random urine c. 1st morning

random urine

fanconi's syndrome a. pre renal b. renal c. post renal

renal - TUBULAR PROTEINURIA - fanconi syndrome (PCT)

amyloidosis a. pre renal b. renal c. post renal

renal - GLOMERULAR PROTEINURIA - AMYLOIDOSIS

MICROALBINURIA a. pre renal b. renal c. post renal

renal - GLOMERULAR PROTEINURIA - diabetic nephropathy - indicator: microalbiminuria

principle: Sorensen's error of indicator a. protein b. ph c. sg

protein

what is the ph in protein medium and what is the buffered a. ph 3 buffered with citrate b. ph 4 buffered with potassium c. ph 3 buffered with chloride

the ph medium remains constant (PH 3 BIFFERED WITH CITRATE)

grading in protein reagent strip quantity of albumin in grading 4+ a. 30mg/dl b. 100 mg/ dl c. 2000 mg/dl

1+ = 30mg/dl 2+ = 100 mg/dl 3+ = 300 mg/dl 4+ = 2000mg/dl

what is the glucose renal threshold a. 1200ml/min b. 600-700 c. 160-180 mg/dl

glucose renal threshold - 160-180 mg/dl

fanconi syndrome a. hyperglycemia b. renal associated

renal associated

increase in blood glucose, increase in urine glucose a. renal associated b. hyperglycemia

hyperglycemia causes dm, gdm , pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, pheochromcytoma, acromegaly, cushing syndrome. hypErthytoidism, liver disease, cerebrovascular accident or stroke

which is not associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA a, esrd b. liver disease c. dm d. acromegaly

a. esrd renal associated - fanconi syndrome, esrd, advanced renal disease, pregnancy, cystinosis

principle: double sequential enzymatic reaction a. ph b. sg c. glucose

glucose

it is added to glucose reagent strip to minimizethe interference of ascorbic acid a. potassium iodide b. iodate c. o- tuluidine

iodate

high levels of ascorbic acid, what is the interferences in glucose reagent strip a. false pos b. false neg

false neg

this is a non reducing sugar that cannot test by copper reduction test a, sucrose b. maltose c. fructose

sucrose

non specific test for reducing sugars a. clinitest b. ssa c. acetest

copper reduction test/ benedicts test (clinitest) - non specific test for reducing sugars ssa - cold precipitation test reacts equally with ALL FORMS OF PROTEINS acetest - for ketones

in clinitest reaction the heat is required and it is provided by the reaction of___________ AND____________ a. copper sulfate b. sodium carbonate c. sodium citrate d. sodium hydroxide

in clinitest reaction the heat is required and it is provided by the reaction of SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND CITRIC ACID/SODIUM CITRATE

which of th eff is not a component of tablet in clinitest a. sodium hydroxide b. copper sulfate c. lactose d. citric acid

c. lactose (for acetest) component of the tablet in clinitest 1. copper sulfate 2. sodium carbonate 3. sodium citrate / citric acid 4. sodium hydroxide

what is the color in 3+ in clinitest a. green b. blue c. orange

orange- 3+

what is the grading in blue color in clinitest a. 1+ b. 2+ c. negative

negative

it is a ketone bodies that is only detected when there is a presence of glycine a. beta hydroxybutyric acid b. acetoacetic acid (AAA) c, acetone

acetone

it is the major ketone but not detected in reagent strip a. beta hydroxybutyric acid b. acetoacetic acid (AAA) c, acetone

beta hydroxybutyric acid

how many percent does diacetic acid is? a. 78% b. 20% c. 2%

78% beta hydroxybutyric acid 20% - diacetic acid or acetoacetic acid (AAA) 2% - acetone

it is used as a confirmatory test for questionable reagent strip results in ketones a. icto test b. ssa c. clinitest d. acetest

acetest

cloudy urine a. hematuria b. hemoglobinuria c. myoglobinuria

hematuria - cloudy urine hemoglobinuria myoglobinuria - clear urine

presence of speckled pattern in the reagent pad a. hematuria b. hemoglobinuria c. myoglobinuria

hematuria

it is a result in lysis of rbc a. hematuria b. hemoglobinuria c. myoglobinuria

hemoglobinuria

chemical analysis of urine 1 Flashcards

part 1