Chemical Basis Of Life

Question 1

Main elements in organic

Answer 1

CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

Question 2

Order of structures

Answer 2

Atoms-compounds-molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems- organisms

Question 3

Acid

Answer 3

H+ donor (hydronium) lower in pH scale

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

OH- donor(hydroxide) also known as alkaline, higher on pH scale

Question 5

pH scale

Answer 5

0————————-7———————14
Acidic. Neutral. Basic
Negative Log of ten, measures hydrogen ions

Question 6

Buffer

Answer 6

Keeps pH relatively constant, eliminates swing of pH level

Question 7

Blood buffer

Answer 7

Carbonic acid bicarbonate

Question 8

What state do most chemical reactions take place

Answer 8

Neutral

Question 9

Carbohydrate elements

Answer 9

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen (CHO)

Question 10

Carb structure

Answer 10

Ring

Question 11

Carb ratio

Answer 11

1:2:1

Question 12

Are carbs soluble in water

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Types of saccharides

Answer 13

Monosaccharides-1 ring
Disaccharide-2 ring
Polysaccharide-3+ rings

Question 14

Hydrolysis rx

Answer 14

Adds h2o to break covalent bond

Question 15

Condensation rx

Answer 15

Makes covalent bond, water falls out

Question 16

Lipid elements

Answer 16

CHO

Question 17

Lipids Soluble in water?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Lipid structure

Answer 18

Chain

Question 19

Saturated fat

Answer 19

Single bonds, solid at room temp, raised HDL and LDL (cholesterol) generally bad for you

Question 20

Unsaturated fats

Answer 20

At least one double bonded carbon, liquid at room temp, lowers HDL and raises LDL, generally better for you

Question 21

Phospholipids structure and function

Answer 21

Triglyceride with a phospholipid end, and it makes up every membrane in cells

Question 22

Steroids (good kind)

Answer 22

Fuses 4 ring carbon structure, includes cholesterol, important in cell membranes, and transports lipoproteins

Question 23

Elements of Proteins

Answer 23

CHON

Question 24

Protein structure

Answer 24

Branch

Question 25

What are proteins made of

Answer 25

Amino acids ( chain is called polypeptide)

Question 26

What are enzymes

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

What holds together proteins?

Answer 27

Peptide bonds

Question 28

Function of proteins

Answer 28

``` Structural support *biological catalyst(enzymes) Transport Defense Regulation Movement ```

Question 29

What makes up an amino acid

Answer 29

Amino group, carboxyl group, and r group

Question 30

What changes an amino acid

Answer 30

The r group

Question 31

What do enzymes do

Answer 31

Biological catalyst, lowers activation energy to start, increases rx speed

Question 32

Do enzymes become changed by catalytic role?

Answer 32

No, they can be used again and again

Question 33

Induced fit model

Answer 33

Substrate attaches to enzyme at active site

Question 34

Elements of nucleic acids

Answer 34

CHON and P

Question 35

What is a nucleic acid

Answer 35

DNA AND RNA

Question 36

Structure of nucleic acids

Answer 36

Double helix: made of nucleotide, nitrogenous base, pentode sugar; and phosphate geoupy

Question 37

Sugar in DNA and rna respectively

Answer 37

Deoxyribose and ribose