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ANAPHY > CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE > Flashcards

CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

The study of the composition structure and properties of substances in the reactions they undergo

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

All living and nonliving things composed of this

A

Matter

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3
Q

Amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

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4
Q

Object gravitational force acting of an object of a given mass

A

Weight

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5
Q

Simplest type of matter having unique chemical properties

A

Element

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6
Q

Results from the elements of oxygen carbon hydrogen and nitrogen

A

96% body weight

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7
Q

Majority of the body’s weight

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

Place an especially important role in the chemistry of the body

A

Carbon

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9
Q

Atomos indivisible are the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element these are composed of subatomic particles some of which an electrical charge

A

Atom

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10
Q

Three major types of subatomic particles:

A

Neutron
proton
electron

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11
Q

Protons and neutrons from this at the center of the atom

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

Region where electrons are most likely to be found

A

Electron cloud

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13
Q

____ of an element is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each atom

A

Mass number

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14
Q

_____ of an element is the average mass of its naturally occurring isotopes taking into account of the relative abundance of each isotope

A

Atomic mass

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15
Q

Metal atom loses electron to nonmetal atom

A

Ionic bond

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16
Q

Two nonmetal atoms share electrons

A

Covalent bond

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17
Q

Hydrogen attracts an electronegative atom electrostatically

A

Hydrogen bond

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18
Q

Positive metal ions attract conducting electrons

A

Metallic bond

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19
Q

Concept on how atoms interact to form molecules by sharing and transferring their outermost electrons

A

Chemical bond

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20
Q

Concentric rings around the nucleus

A

Electron shells

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21
Q

Outermost shell

A

Valence shell

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22
Q

Ability of an atom’s nucleus to attract electrons

A

Electronegativity

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23
Q

Number of protons and electrons are no longer equal and a charged particle is formed

A

Ion

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24
Q

Positive charge ions

A

Cations

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25
**Negative** charge **ions**
Anions
26
Forms when electrons are transferred between atoms creating **oppos*i*tely** charged ions
Ionic bond
27
Forms when atoms **share** one or more pairs of electrons
Covalent bond
28
**Resulting** co*m*bination of atoms
Molecule
29
Sharing of **one** pair of ele**c**trons by two atoms
Single covalent bond
30
Results when **two** atoms share four ele**c**trons two from each atom
Double covalent bond
31
When electrons are **shared** **equally** between atoms as in a **hydrogen** molecule
Nonpolar covalent bonds
32
**Common in both living and nonliving matter** can result in **p**olar mole**c**ules which are electrically asymmetric
Polar covalent bonds
33
Co**m**posed of two or more atoms chemically combined to form a structure that behaves as an **independent unit**
Molecule
34
**Substance** resulting from the chemical **com**bination of two or more different types of atoms
Compound
35
The weak electrostat**i**c attractions that exist between opposedly charged parts of molecules or between ions and molecules
Intermolecular forces
36
Formed if the positive charge **hydrogen** of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen nitrogen or fluorine of another molecule
Hydrogen bonds
37
Ability of one substance to dis**sol**ve in another
Solubility
38
Cations and anions that dissociate water because they have the capacity to conduct an **electric current**
Electrolytes
39
Molecules that do not dissociate form solutions that do **not conduct electricity**
Nonelectrolytes
40
Substances that enter a chemical **react**ion
Reactant
41
Substances that **result** from the chemical reaction
Product
42
All of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body
Metabolism
43
L**o**ss of an electron by an atom
Oxidation
44
Gain of an elect**r**on by an atom
Reduction
45
Capacity to do work
Energy
46
Moving of the matter
Work
47
Stored energy that could do work but if not doing so
Potential energy
48
Form of energy that is doing work in moving matter
Kinetic energy
49
Results from the position or **m**ovement of objects
Mechanical energy
50
Form of potential energy stored within the **chemical** bonds
Chemical energy
51
Form of energy that flows from a **hot**ter object to a cooler object
Heat energy
52
At which a chemical **r**eaction proceeds is influenced by several factors
Rate
53
**Measure of how hot or cold** a substance is relative to another substance
Temperature
54
Prot**e**ins that act as a catalyst
Enzymes
55
Deals w**i**th substan**c**es that **do not contain carbon** although a more rigorous definition is the lack of carbon
Inorganic chemistry
56
**Study of carbon** containing substances with few exceptions
Organic chemistry
57
Dissolves in the **sol**vent
Solute
58
Body contains many molecules and compounds that can **a**lter **b**ody functions by releasing and binding protons
Acids and bases
59
Proton donor
Acid
60
Forms **hydrogen** ions and chloride ions in solution and therefore is an **acid**
Hydrochloric acid
61
Means of referring to the h+ concentration in a solution scale 0 to 14
Ph scale
62
Equal concentrations of h+ and oh pure water is **neutral** and ph of 7
Neutral solution
63
Solution with ph **less than seven**
Acidic
64
Solution with a ph **greater than seven**
Alkaline
65
**Fewer** h+ than OH
basic
66
Normal ph range for human blood
7.35 to 7.45
67
Four major groups of organic compounds (CPNL)
Carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acid
68
High **energy** form of a nucleic acid building block
Atp
69
This is the main energy source what biomolecule is this
Carbohydrates
70
This is a simple sugar what monomer is this
Monosaccharides
71
Molecules that have the same number and types of atoms but differ in the**i**r three dimensional arrangement
Isomers
72
**Blood sugar** major carbohydrates in the blood
Glucose
73
Compose of **two monosaccharides** or two simple sugar
Disaccharide
74
Glucose + fructose
Sucrose
75
It consists of many monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
76
Animals these are for energy storage
Glycogen
77
Two important polysaccharides found in plants one is for energy storage and one is for the cell wall
Starch and cellulose
78
They use starch as energy storage molecule in the same way that animals use glycogen
Plants
79
Important structural components of plant cell walls
Cellulose
80
An organic molecule for long term energy storage
Lipids
81
Major type of lipid
Fat
82
Building blocks of lipids three fatty acids
Triglycerides
83
Electric glycerides except that one of the fatty acids found to the glycerol is replaced by a **phosphate** containing region
Phospholipid
84
Water loving
Hydropholic
85
Water fearing
Hydrophobic
86
A macromolecule that build and repair tissues and its monomer is amino acid it is c h o n
Proteins
87
Building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
88
The protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds without the **enzyme** being permanently changed
Enzyme
89
These are macromolecules that is composed of genetic information its building blocks are nucleotide
Nucleic acid
90
Genetic material of cells
Deoxyribonucleic acid or dna
91
Basic building blocks of dna and r**n**a
Nucleotides
92
Five carbon monosaccharide for dna
Deoxyribose
93
Dna has two strands of molecules joined together to form it wasted ladder like structure
Double helix
94
Sequence of dna bases that directs the synthesis of proteins and rna molecules
Gene
95
Especially important molecule for storing and providing **energy** in all living organisms
Adenosine triphosphate or atp
96
Glucose plus galactose
Lactose
97
Glucose + glucose
Maltose
98
Chitin is for
Fungi
99
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids this is for energy storage
Triglyceride
100
Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group
Phospholipid
101
Compose of four carbon rings + side chains this is has cholesterol and hormone production
Sterols
102
Cho
Carbohydrates and lipids
103
Chon this is for regulation transport protection contraction structure and energy
Proteins
104
Chonp
Nucleic acid
105
Cytosine and thymine are
Pyramidines
106
Guanine and adenine are
Purines
107
Building block refers to the same type of block that make something larger
Monomer

ANAPHY (7 decks)

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