Chemical Basis Of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Matter is composed of

Answer 2

Elements

Question 3

Living organisms require _______ elements to survive and function.

Answer 3

20

Question 4

Our bodies are made 95% of

Answer 4

Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

Question 5

Elements occur in

Answer 5

Mixtures or chemical compositions

Question 6

Overall a complete atom has _____ charge.

Answer 6

No net charge

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms gain or lose neutrons.

Change the mass of atom

Atomic # stays the same

Question 8

Types of isotopes

Answer 8

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Question 9

Isotopes when introduced to body are specific for structure being studied.

Their presence and ……

Answer 9

Half life help doctors see the function

Question 10

Ion

Answer 10

Positively r negatively charged atom

Question 11

Ionic bond

Answer 11

Valence e- are given or received

Question 12

Covalent

Answer 12

Electrons are shared

Question 13

Hydrogen bond

Answer 13

Weak bonds between H and other elements

Question 14

Two or more elements form

Answer 14

Molecules

Question 15

Same element= _________

O2,N2

Answer 15

Diatomic

Question 16

Different elements

Answer 16

Compounds

Question 17

Catalyst

Answer 17

A molecule that can change rate of rxn without being consumed

Question 18

When substance decomposes and releases ions in water..

Answer 18

Electrolyte

Question 19

H+ ions released

Answer 19

Acid

Question 20

OH- or ions that combine with H+ ions

Answer 20

Bases

Question 21

Inorganic

Answer 21

Dissolve in water or react with water to release ions (electrolytes)

Question 22

Inorganic chemicals

Answer 22

• water
• oxygen
• carbon dioxide
• salts

Question 23

Organic

Answer 23

Usually dissolve in organic liquids like alcohol.

Nonelectrolytes. (Do not release ions)

Question 24

Organic chemicals

Answer 24

• carbs
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids

Question 25

Carbs

Answer 25

- provide energy for cells | - contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Question 26

Monosaccharides

Answer 26

6 carbons Short chains of carbon

Question 27

Disaccharide

Answer 27

2 simple sugars put together | Sucrose, lactose

Question 28

Polysaccharide

Answer 28

Many simple sugars joined | Plant starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 29

Lipids

Answer 29

Insoluble in water Fats Stores energy

Question 30

Triglyceride--->building blocks of lipids

Answer 30

Glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 31

Saturated

Answer 31

Single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 32

Unsaturated

Answer 32

Double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 33

Phospholipids

Answer 33

- 2 fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol - hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail - important for cell structure

Question 34

Steroids

Answer 34

4 carbon rings Cholesterol and hormones

Question 35

Proteins

Answer 35

Structural materials, energy source, hormones, cell receptors, antibodies, enzyme

Question 36

What are proteins made out of?

Answer 36

Amino group, carboxyl groups

Question 37

Amino acids join in changes called...

Answer 37

Polypeptides

Question 38

Polypeptides have 4 structures. They are?

Answer 38

Primary- amino acid sequence. Secondary- repeated patterns of protein backbone * Alpha helix-coils clockwise direction * Beta sheet-nearly fully extended Tertiary- overall folding of polypeptide chain Quaternary- overall structure of the protein

Question 39

Nucleic acids

Answer 39

Take part in protein synthesis

Question 40

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 40

Nucleotides

Question 41

DNA de oxyribose

Answer 41

Contains only one OH on its 2nd prime. Double stranded ATGC

Question 42

RNA

Answer 42

Ribonucleic One stranded Has an extra OH on its base 2'

Question 43

Chemistry

Answer 43

Composition of matter and its changes

Question 44

What are the eleven major elements in the human body?

Answer 44

* oxygen * hydrogen * nitrogen * carbon * calcium * phosphorus * potassium * sulfur * chlorine * sodium * magnesium