Digestive System

Question 1

What is the function of leptin?

Answer 1

helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

process of mechanically and chemically breaking down foods so that they could be absorbed.

Question 3

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 3

teeth, don’t forget to chew

Question 4

Where does Chemical Digestion begin?

Answer 4

begins in the mouth, from secretions of enzymes

Question 5

What are the enzymes in the oral cavity?

Answer 5

Amylase

lingual lipase

Question 6

Amylase

Answer 6

~secreted by salivary glands

~breaks down carbohydrates into disaccharides

Question 7

Lingual Lipase

Answer 7

~secreted by tongue

~begins fat digestion

Question 8

What organs make up the alimentary canal?

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 8

Alimentary Organs:
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large intestine, Anal Canal

Accessory Organs:
Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 9

Functions of the digestive system?

Answer 9

ingest food
breaks apart large particles
secretes enzymes and decomposes food molecules
absorbs products and eliminates unused residu

Question 10

ingestion

Answer 10

consumption of a substance through the mouth

Question 11

digestion definition

Answer 11

mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that cell membrane can absorb

Question 12

secretion

Answer 12

release of substances from a particular cell or gland

Question 13

excretion

Answer 13

removal of a substance from the body

Question 14

absorption

Answer 14

intake of materials, usually nutrients through a membrane

Question 15

mucosa

Answer 15

mucous membrane

epithelium w/ underlying connective tissue and smooth muscle

contain folds called villa to increase surface area

Protects tissues
carries on secretion and absorption

Question 16

submucosa

Answer 16

loose connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, organizec plexuses

vessels nourish surrounding tissues
carry away absorbed material

Question 17

Muscularis externa

Answer 17

circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layer

moves alimentary tube

Question 18

Serosa

Answer 18

visceral peritoneum,
comprises outer covering of alimentary tube

secretes serous fluid to reduce friction of abdominal organs

Question 19

Two types of movements of the Alimentary Tube

Answer 19

mixing movements

propelling movements

Question 20

Functions of the mouth

Answer 20

receives food

begins digestion by mechanically reducing size of particles and mixing them with saliva

Question 21

Tongue

Answer 21

mixes food particles with saliva during chewing
moves food towards pharynx when swallowing
Papillae on tongue=rough surface-handles food and contains taste buds

Question 22

Palate

Answer 22

Hard(anterior)
Soft (posterior)

During swallowing, closes the nasal cavity by moving uvula upward

Question 23

Where are the lingual tonsils located?

Answer 23

At the root of the tongue

Question 24

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

Answer 24

On either side of tongue in the back of mouth

Question 25

Functions of the salivary glands

Answer 25

secrete saliva, moistens food particles and binds them, begins chemical digestion of carbs Makes Taste possible, cleanse the mouth

Question 26

Parotid Salivary glands

Answer 26

secrete saliva rich in amylase, clear watery fluid

Question 27

submandibular

Answer 27

viscous saliva

Question 28

sublingual

Answer 28

secrete mucous, thick and stringy

Question 29

Pharynx

Answer 29

nasopharynx-communicates w/ nasal cav, provides passageway for air. Oropharynx-passageway for food moving downward laryngopharynx- inferior to oro, passsageway to the esophagus.

Question 30

swallowing mechanism

Answer 30

1. Food mixed with saliva and forced into pharynx 2. Involuntary reflex actions move food into esoph. 3. Peristalsis transports food to the stomach

Question 31

Esophagus

Answer 31

straight collapsible tube (25cm) long food passageway from pharynx to stomach passes through an opening, (esophageal hiatus) in diaphram

Question 32

Functions of the stomach

Answer 32

receives food from the esophagus, mixes food with gastric juice, initiates protein digestion carries limited amount of absorption, moves food into small intestine

Question 33

mucous cells(goblet cells)

Answer 33

secretes mucous (provides protective layer for stomach lining

Question 34

Chief cell

Answer 34

secretes digestive enzymes: pepsinogen, pepsin | begins protein digestion

Question 35

Parietal cells

Answer 35

secretes hydrochloric acid which can combine with pepsinogen to form pepsin and secretes intrinsic factor (aids in vitamin b12 absorption)

Question 36

Gastrin

Answer 36

increases secretory activity of the gastric glands

Question 37

Cholecystokinin

Answer 37

peptide hormone responsible for stimulating the digestion of proteins and fats in the small intestine

Question 38

gastric absroption

Answer 38

stomach absorbs only small quantities of water, certain salts, alcohol and some lipid soluble drugs

Question 39

How is chyme produced

Answer 39

mixing movements help produce chyme

Question 40

What happens after chyme is produced?

Answer 40

The peristaltic waves push chyme towards the pyloric region of the stomach. chyme accumulates near the pyloric sphincter and then muscles begin to relax stomach contractions then push chyme a little at a time into the small intestine.

Question 41

What factors affect the rate at which the stomach empties?

Answer 41

* fluidity of the chyme * types of food present liquids pass through rapidly solids remain until mixed with gastric juices

Question 42

Once chyme enters duodenum... what happens

Answer 42

the accesory organs add their secretions.