chemical bonding structure and properties Flashcards
memorise (20 cards)
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?
2 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second shell?
8 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the third shell?
8 electrons (for main group elements)
How many electrons are in the outer shell of Group 1 elements?
1
What ion does a Group 1 element form?
M+
What charge does a Group 1 ion have?
+1
Are Group 1 elements metals or non-metals?
Metals
What is ionic bonding?
The transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, forming oppositely charged ions that attract.
What holds the ions together in an ionic bond?
electrostatic forces of attraction
Give an example of a covalent compound.
Water (H2O), Ammonia (NH3)
What is covalent bonding?
A type of bonding where non-metals share electrons to form molecules.
When do you use -ide in naming?
When the compound contains only two elements.
When do you use -ate in naming?
When the compound contains three or more elements, usually including oxygen.
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass / Volume
How do you find the density of a regular object?
Measure mass and calculate volume using a formula (e.g., l × w × h).
How do you find the density of an irregular object?
Measure mass and use water displacement to find volume.
What is filtration used for?
To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
What is crystallisation used for?
To obtain crystals from a solution.
What is evaporation used for?
To remove liquid and leave a soluble solid behind.
What is the reactivity series?
A list of metals ranked from most reactive to least reactive.
