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Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

1
Q

The more reactive a metal is the more… - Reactions

A

The more vigorous its reactions are and the more easily it loses electrons to form positive ions

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2
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with water? - Reactions

A

A metal reacts with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen

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3
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with a dilute acid? - Reactions

A

A metal reacting with a dilute acid would form a salt and hydrogen

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4
Q

What would happen if a metal reacted with oxygen? - Reactions

A

A metal reacting with oxygen would form a metal oxide

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5
Q

How can oxygen be removed from metal oxides? - Reactions

A

By reacting the oxide with carbon, carbon displaces the metal to form a metal and carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What are oxidation reactions? - Reactions

A

A reaction in which a substance loses electrons (OILRIG)

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7
Q

What is a reduction reaction? - Reactions

A

A reaction in which a substance gains electrons

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8
Q

What is a redox reaction? - Reactions

A

When reduction and oxidation occur at the same time within a reaction

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9
Q

What is an ore? - Reactions

A

A rock containing enough quantities of a mineral for extraction to be possible (economically viable)

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10
Q

Why is electrolysis expensive? - Reactions

A

It requires large amounts of electricity to perform

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11
Q

How can a metal be extracted from a compound if it is less reactive than carbon? - Reactions

A

By heating the compound with carbon, the metal is displaced because carbon is more reactive

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12
Q

Why must aluminium be extracted from compounds using electrolysis? - Reactions

A

Aluminium is more reactive than carbon and therefore cannot be displaced

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13
Q

Why must aluminium oxide be molten as an electrolyte during electrolysis? - Reactions

A

It is insoluble in water and therefore can only be used as an electrolyte when molten

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14
Q

Why does the electrolysis of aluminium oxide take especially high amounts of energy and is so costly? - Reactions

A

It has strong ionic bonds which are extremely difficult to break and require lots of energy to overcome

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15
Q

How is the cost reduced of melting aluminium oxide to form a molten electrolyte? - Reactions

A

Powdered aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, and does so faster than if it were unpowdered. This costs less as a result.

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16
Q

What is an acid? - Reactions

A

A substance producing more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

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17
Q

What is an alkali? - Reactions

A

A SOLUBLE BASE

A substance producing more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

18
Q

What is a base? - Reactions

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it and produce a salt

19
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction? - Reactions

A

The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water, by forming a substance with a pH of 7

20
Q

How can you show a neutralisation reaction? - Reactions

A

H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) —> H20 (l)

21
Q

What is a salt? - Reactions

A

A substance formed when the hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced by a metal ion

22
Q

What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal? - Reactions

A

It produces a salt and hydrogen

23
Q

What type of reaction do half equations display? - Reactions

A

REDOX REACTIONS

24
Q

What is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate? - Reactions

A

A salt water AND CARBON DIOXIDE

25
Q

How is an acid stronger or weaker than another acid? - Reactions

A

A strong acid completely dissociates its H^+ ions from its - ions, making it more corrosive. Weak acids only partially dissociate

26
Q

What is the difference between concentrated and dilute acids? - Reactions

A

Dilute acids contains very little dissolved solute, whereas concentrated acids contain large amounts of dissolved solute

27
Q

What is the relationship with pH of an acid and concentration? - Reactions

A

The higher the concentration of H^+ ions in a solution, the lower the pH (more acidic)

28
Q

What is used to fill the pipette during a titration? - Reactions

A

A safety pipette filler, as the pipette is made from glass

29
Q

When can electrolytes carry charge in electrolysis? - Reactions

A

When molten or aqueous so that electrons can move and carry charge

30
Q

What type of current supply is used during electrolysis? (AC OR DC) - Reactions

A

DC

31
Q

What are electrodes for electrolysis made from? - Reactions

A

Graphite

32
Q

What abbreviation helps to remember the electrodes in electrolysis? - Reactions

A

PANIC

33
Q

What happens at electrodes when ions are attracted to them? - Reactions

A

They gain or lose electrons, which means they form atoms, molecules or elements. Positive ions lose electrons and negative ions gain electrons

34
Q

What happens during the electrolysis of aqueous compounds? - Reactions

A

The ions have to compete to form at the electrodes. The metal will form at the cathode if it is less reactive than hydrogen. If the compound contains a halide then the halide will form. Otherwise oxygen forms at the anode.

35
Q

What is a half equation? - Reactions

A

An equation involving ions that shows the transfer of electrons (gain or loss)

36
Q

reduCtion happens where?

oxidAtion happens where? - Reactions

A

reduCtion at the CATHODE

oxidAtion at the ANODE

37
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gain of oxygen
Or loss of hydrogen

Oxidising agents add oxygen to another substance or remove hydrogen from it.

38
Q

Reduction

A

The loss of oxygen
Or gain of hydrogen

Reducing agents remove oxygen from another substance or add hydrogen to it.

39
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction in which both oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously:

Fe2O3 + 3CO ——>2Fe + 3CO2
^ ^
Reduced Oxidised

40
Q

What is OILRIG?

A

OXYGEN IS LOSS, REDUCTION IS GAIN (in terms of elehctrons)

41
Q

Example of oxidation (hydrogen)

A

Ethanol oxidised to ethanal:

CH3CH2OH———> CH3CHO

42
Q

Give an example of reduction (hydrogen)

A

Ethanal reduced to ethanol:

CH3CHO ——> CH3CH2OH

Chemistry (11 decks)

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