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HUB 101 > Chemical Composition of the Cell , Cells to Organs > Flashcards

Chemical Composition of the Cell , Cells to Organs Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is the smallest unit of a compound ?

A

Molecule

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2
Q

What are examples of inorganic compounds ?

A

Water, Sodium Chloride , CO2

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3
Q

What is one compound that contains the element carbon that can’t be broken down by the body, state why.

A

Carbon Dixoide, because if it’s broken down into CO the human will die right away.

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4
Q

What is one compound that contains the element carbon that can’t be broken down by the body, state why.

A

Carbon Dixoide, because if it’s broken down into CO the human will die right away.

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5
Q

What are carbohydrates made of ? 1 gram of Carbohydrates gives how many cal of heat ?

A

C-H-O, 4

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6
Q

Another name for startch

A

Complex carbohydrates

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7
Q

What do plants use startch for ?

A

To store excess energy

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8
Q

What is another name for epithelial tissue ?

A

Carry-bag

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9
Q

What are the 7 functions of the epithelial tissue ?

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filteration, diffusion, sensory receptors

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10
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue illustartes the simple biological principal “structure closely correlates with function”

A

Glandular Epithelia

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11
Q

**1) What are the ducted glands and what do they secrete ?
2) What are the ductless glands and what do they secrete ?

A

1)Exocrine. Enzymes
2)Endocrine. Hormones

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12
Q

Gives examples of the locations of the 4 epithelial cells.

A

1)Squamous(simple) –> Cheeks
2)Cuboidal–> Bronchioles
3)Columner –> Bronchioles
4)Transitional –> Bladder

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13
Q

What is the molecular formula of monosachrides(sugar) and give the molecules.

A

CnH2nOn. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.

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14
Q

What is one of the main sources of calories and what makes them speical ?

A

Glucose. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and thus nourishes the brain

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15
Q

What links with glucose to form lactose ?

A

Galactose

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16
Q

What are monosachrides bonded by and what is the by product of the reactions ?

A

Glycosidic bonding. Water.

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17
Q

By what process is glucose stored and where ?

A

Glucose is stored through the process of glycogenesis and is stored in the liver as glycogen.

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18
Q

Which monosachride takes part in cellular respiration ?

A

Glucose

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19
Q

What is the molecular formula for disaccharides(sugar) ?

A

C12H22O11

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20
Q

How are monosachrides joined to become disacchrides ?

A

By dehydration or condensation

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21
Q

What is multose, lactose, and sucrose made of ?

A

1)Glucose + Glucose
2)Glucose + Galactose
3)Glucose + Fructose

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22
Q

What are oligosacchrides ?

A

Small chains of galactose molecules: galacto-oligosacchride (complex carbohydrate)

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23
Q

What are the three epithelial tissue junctions and their functions?

A

1)Tight: prevent leaks
2)Gap: connect abutting cytoplasms
3)Adhering(door hinge): cement cells together

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24
Q

What are the 6 functions of connective tissue ?

Study These Flashcards
A

1)Bindsstructures together
2)Forms the framework and support for the organs
3)Stores fat
4)Transport
5)Protects against disease
6)Repairstissue damage

25
What are the 2 basic components of connective tissues ?
Cells and extracellular fibers
26
What is the difference between the speicialized and proper tissues?
Proper tissues are found in every cell , whereas specialized tissues are not.
27
What are the two types of proper connective tissues and their locations?
1)Loose, under the skin, most epithelia 2)Dense, tendons,skin,kidney capsule
28
Sub categories of loose and dense
Loose--> areolar Dense--> elsatic anf fibrous (ligaments b to b, tendons b to m)
29
What are the functions of the connective tissue proper ?
Support and Elasticity
30
What is the most abundunt carbhohydrate ?
Polysacchrides
31
Give 4 examples of polysacchrides.
Cellulose, chitin, startch, glycogen
32
Where are polysacchrides found?
Potatoes , rice, wheat , and maize
33
T/F: Some lipids are hormones
True
34
1g of lipid give____cal of heat
9
35
What are lipids made of ?
1 glycerol(alcohol) + 3 fatty acids(hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group)
36
What are amino acids joined by?
peptide bonds
37
tWhat are the elements that make up proteins ?
C,H,O,N,S
38
What are the macromloecules of protein ?
Carboxyl group, variable R , amine group
39
What is mad cows disease a prodcut of ?
Prions
40
What are the 3 common connective tissue cells ?
Fibroblast, macrophage, mast cell
41
What are the 4 types of speicilaized connective tissues ?
1)Cartilage, cells are chondrocytes 2)Adipose 3)Blood, RBC , WBC, plasma , platelets 4)Bone(Osseos), osteocytes (spingy tissue & compact tissue)
42
Long and slender muscle cells are known as
Muscle Fibres
43
How are muscle tissues arranged ?
Arranged in bundles/layers surrounded by connective tissue.
44
What are the 2 muscle proteins ?
Actin and mysoin
45
Describe skeletal muscle tissue
1)voluntary 2)cylindrical 3)multinucleated 4)Striated
46
Describe Smooth muscle tissue
1) involuntary 2) cells are spindle shaped 2) single nucleus 3) lack striations 4) found in hollow organs 5) Function: prpoulsion of substances along passage ways
47
Describe cardiac muscle tissue
1)involuntary 2)has branching fibres 3)one nucleus 4)striations 5)intercalated discs (cells are fused together at plasma membrane)
48
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions ?
By lowering the energy of activation
49
Efficancy of the enzymes depends on
pH and temp
50
What substances assist enzymes ?
1)Cofactors: minerals 2)Coenzymes: vitamins
51
What elements make up nucleic acids ?
C,H,O,P,N
52
What are the polymers of nucleotides ?
1) phosphate group 2) Nitrogenous base 3) 5-carbon sugar
53
Another name for the RNA that resides in the nucleus is
Heterogenous RNA
54
What fraction of our body is made up of water ?
2/3
55
Where is the nervous tissue found ?
Brain , spinal cord, nerves
56
What are the 3 functions of the nervous tissue ?
1)Stimultes muscle contractions 2)Creates awarness of the environment 3)Plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning
57
What is the difference between neuroglia and neurons ?
Neuroglia --> nonconducting and nurtures the neurons Neurons--> condcuting cells
58
What are the 7 parts of a neuron ?
Dendrties, nuclues, cyton, myelin sheath, schwann's cells, node of ranvier, axon terminals
59
What are the 10 body systems ?
1)Nervous 2)Respiratory 3)Digestive 4)Urinary 5)Reproductive 6)Integumentary 7)Endocrine 8)Immune 9)Msucular&Skeletal 10)Circulatory

HUB 101 (4 decks)

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