chemical coordination and integration

Question 1

where is a pair of testis present

Answer 1

in the Scottish scrotal sack, outsider the abdomen

Question 2

what functions does testis perform

Answer 2

dual functions as a primary sex organ and an endocrine gland

Question 3

what is testis composed of

Answer 3

seminiferous tubules and stromal /interstitial tissue

Question 4

what cells are present in the intertubular spaces of testis

Answer 4

leydig or interstitial cells

Question 5

what do leydig cells produce

Answer 5

group of hormones called androgens - mainly testosterone

Question 6

functions of androgens

Answer 6

regulate developement, maturation, functions of make accessory sex organs like vas deferens, prostate gland, epididymis, seminal vesicles, urethra, stimulate growth of facial hair, axillary hair, aggressiveness, low pitch of voice, stimulate spermatogenesis, act of cns to influence sexual behaviour-libido, produce anabolic effect of protein and carbohydrates metabolism

Question 7

what hormones does ovary produce

Answer 7

steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone

Question 8

what is ovary composed of

Answer 8

ovarian follicles and stromal tissue

Question 9

what is hypothalamus called

Answer 9

master of master endocrine gland

Question 10

hypothalamus is connected to anterior pituitary lobe by

Answer 10

hypophyseal portal veins

Question 11

hypothalamus is connected to posterior lobe of pituitary by

Answer 11

axons of neurosecretory cells

Question 12

prolactin is produced by which neurons

Answer 12

tuberoinfundibular neurons

Question 13

another name for prolactin inhibiting hormone

Answer 13

dopamine

Question 14

pituitary gland is present in bony cavity of which bone

Answer 14

sphenoid bone called sella tursica

Question 15

pituitary gland is made from which germ layer

Answer 15

ectoderm

Question 16

adenohypophysis comprises of what percentage of pituitary gland

Answer 16

75%

Question 17

adenohypophysis consists of

Answer 17

pars distalis and pars intermedia

Question 18

functions of growth hormones

Answer 18

regulates growth of body, long bones and skeleton, promotes protein anabolism, intestinal absorption of calcium, conservation of glucose,synthesis and deposition of proteins, hydrolysis of fats, retards use of blood glucose for atp production ( diabetogenic effect)

Question 19

dwarfism due to undersecretion of gh occurs before puberty and is callled

Answer 19

ateleiosis

Question 20

prolactin was previously called

Answer 20

luteotropic hormone

Question 21

LH is also called

Answer 21

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

Question 22

corpus lutuem secretes

Answer 22

progesterone and some estrogen

Question 23

neurohypophysis consists of what percentage of pituitary

Answer 23

25%

Question 24

oxytocin is also called

Answer 24

pitocin

Question 25

adenohypophysis consists of

Answer 25

pars distalis and pars intermedia

Question 26

pitocin

Answer 26

synthetic oxytocin and given to induce labor

Question 27

what stimulates ejection of milk

Answer 27

widening of uterus, suckling of nipples by infants, sight and sound of a baby

Question 29

the lobe of pituitary that atrophies during fetal development

Answer 29

pars intermedia

Question 30

pineal gland is also called

Answer 30

epiphysis

Question 31

melatonin delays puberty by

Answer 31

opposing effect of lh and fsh

Question 32

what factor reduces melatonin formation

Answer 32

light

Question 33

diurinal cycle

Answer 33

melatonin rises in the evening and night and drops at noon

Question 34

largest endocrine gland

Answer 34

thyroid gland

Question 35

follicles of thyroid gland are conncected by

Answer 35

areolar connnective tissue

Question 36

T4 and T3 are derivatives of

Answer 36

tyrosine amino acid

Question 37

t3 wrt to t4 ?

Answer 37

more active and more potent

Question 38

t4 is secreted and converted to

Answer 38

t3 in peripheral tissues

Question 39

the only gland which stores secretory product in large quantity

Answer 39

thyroid

Question 40

calcitonin is also called

Answer 40

parafollicular hormone

Question 41

thyrocalcitonin nature

Answer 41

proteinaceous ( polypeptide)

Question 42

thyroxine controls the metabolism of

Answer 42

Proteins, fats and carbohydrates

Question 43

thyroxine helps in the regulation of

Answer 43

basal metabolic rate and enhance heat production ( calorigenic effect )

Question 44

thyroid hormones stimulate dofferentiation of

Answer 44

tissues

Question 45

thyroxine enhances the actions of neurotransmitters

Answer 45

adrenaline and nor adrenaline

Question 46

hypothyroidism due to deficiency of iinecauses

Answer 46

enlargement of

Question 47

in between thyroid follicles

Answer 47

c cells or parafollicular cells are present

Question 48

deficiency in iodine causes

Answer 48

low secretion of thyroid hormone and causes simple goitre

Question 49

hyperthyroidism is caused by

Answer 49

cancer of thyroid gland or development of nodules in thyroid gland

Question 50

parathyroid glands wrt to thyroid glands

Answer 50

functionally and developmentally independent of thyroid gland

Question 51

organ which was considered to be vestigial and now is an endocrine gland

Answer 51

pineal

Question 52

relaxin is secreted by

Answer 52

ovary

Question 53

precursor of melatonin and serotonin is

Answer 53

tryptophan

Question 54

wrt to blood phosphate levels , pth is a

Answer 54

hypophophatemic hormone

Question 55

thymus germ layer

Answer 55

endoderm

Question 56

adrenal gland germ layer

Answer 56

mesoderm and ectoderm of embryo

Question 57

widest layer of adrenal cortex

Answer 57

zona fasiculata

Question 58

adrenal medulla develops from

Answer 58

neuroectoderm of embryo

Question 59

origin of pancreas

Answer 59

endoderm