Chemical Reactions Flashcards
acid
Donates a proton
Releases positively charges hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water
Forms hydronium ion
Oxidation
Things reacting with oxygen
Metal + Oxygen -> metal oxide
Exothermic
Engery released
Reactants have more energy than the products
Neutralisation
Acids & Bases neutralise each other when mixed
Acid + Base -> salt + water
Indicators
Changes with the pH of a solution
Universal Indicator, litmus, bromothymol blue
pH
Hydrogen ion concentration
as pH decreases - more acidic
as pH increases - more basic
hydroxide ion
OH-
^oxygen and hydrogen
forms from a base
Hydronium ion
H3O+ (little three)
^three hydrogen, one oxygen
water molecule
forms from acid
endothermic
energy absorbed
products have more energy than the reactants
acid & base reactions
if a base is a carbonate….
base + acid -> carbon dioxide + salt + water
acids can corrode metals….
hydrochloric acid + magnesium -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas
^ bubble pop example
base
accepts a proton
forms a hydroxide ion
combustion
is a type of oxidaiton that produces ALOT of energy
fuel + oxygen ->carbon dioxide + water vapour
complete combustion & incomplete combustion
fuel + (excess) oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
fuel + (limited) oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water
Law of convervation of mass
mass can neither be created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
Products
present at the end of a chemical reaction
right of the arrow
the outcome
