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C11 > Chemical Reactions and Equations > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions and Equations Flashcards

1
Q

Describe chemical changes

A

A reaction in which one or more substances are transformed into one or more new substances

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2
Q

Describe physical changes

A

Changes of state that do not form new substances

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3
Q

State 7 qualitative indicators that a chemical change is occuring

A
  1. substance disappears
  2. gas produced
  3. solid precipitant
  4. colour change
  5. temperature change
  6. odour
  7. light
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4
Q

Describe chemical equations

A

Ways of representing chemical reaction

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5
Q

State what 2 things a chemical reaction shows

A
  1. reactants

2. products

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6
Q

Describe reactants

A

Chemical species transformed in a chemical reaction

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7
Q

Describe products

A

Chemical species obtained as the result of a chemical reaction

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8
Q

Describe the overall structure of all chemical reactions

A

reactants -> products

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9
Q

Describe catalysts

A

Substance that alters the rate of a reaction without a change in its own concentration

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10
Q

Provide the symbol for a solid in a chemical reaction

A

s

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11
Q

Provide the symbol for a liquid in a chemical reaction

A

l

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12
Q

Provide the symbol for an aqueous solution in a chemical reaction

A

aq

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13
Q

Provide the symbol for a gas in a chemical reaction

A

g

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14
Q

Describe s

A

A reactant or product in the solid state

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15
Q

Describe l

A

A reactant or product in the liquid state

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16
Q

Describe aq

A

A reactant or product in the aqueous solution

17
Q

Describe g

A

A reactant or product in the gaseous state

18
Q

Describe the law of conservation of mass

A

No detectable gain or loss in mass which occurs in chemical reactions

19
Q

State what the law of conservation of mass details regarding chemical equations

A

The total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the product

20
Q

State the 3 types of chemical reactions

A
  1. precipitation
  2. acid-base
  3. combustion
21
Q

Describe when precipitation occurs

A

When ions in solution combine to form a new compound of low solubility in water

22
Q

Describe precipitate

A

Low solubility compound forms a solid particle that eventually settles

23
Q

State what kind of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to form a salt or water

A

Neutralisation reaction

24
Q

Describe neutralisation reaction

A

Reaction between an acid and base

25
Q

Describe the overall structure of neutralisation reactions

A

acid + base -> salt + water

26
Q

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal reactions

A

acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

27
Q

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal carbonate reactions

A

acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

28
Q

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal oxide reactions

A

acid + metal oxide -> salt + water

29
Q

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal hydroxide reactions

A

acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water

30
Q

Describe indicator

A

Substances that can indicate an acid or basic state and a range of pH values

31
Q

State for what reason an indicator may be used

A

Detect a neutralisation reaction

32
Q

Describe combustion reaction

A

The addition of oxygen to a reactant, often producing heat

33
Q

State in what supply hydrocarbons burn in

A

Plentiful supplies of oxygen

34
Q

State what kind of products are produced in combustion reactions

A

Carbon dioxide and water

35
Q

Describe the overall structure of combustion reactions

A

hydrocarbon + plentiful oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

36
Q

Describe the overall structure of combustion reactions in a limited supply of oxygen

A

hydrocarbon + limited oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water

37
Q

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal hydrogen carbonate

A

acid + metal hydrogen carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water

38
Q

Describe the overall structure of a reaction in which heat is applied to metal carbonate

A

metal carbonate -> (heat) metal oxide + carbon dioxide

39
Q

State the 4 elements for which no acid-metal reaction occurs

A
  • Ag
  • Cu
  • Pt
  • Au

C11 (13 decks)

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