Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy and physiology > chemical recation s > Flashcards

chemical recation s Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

electron shell is up to

A

7 shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are isotopes

A

nucleic with the same atomic number but different mass number, very unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

definition of half life

A

the time it takes for X to loose half of his activity

as time increases a half…… reaction decrease a half as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

definition of valence

A

the outer electron shell, they can combine with other elements to either fill or empty their outer share- for stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is potential energy ?

A

energy that is inactive or stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy that is in motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chemical energy

A

energy store in chemical bonds

energy is released when these bonds break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

electrical energy

A

from the movement of charge particles
electrons/ions
used in muscle and nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the three chemical bonds

A

ionic,covalent,hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what an ion and an electrolyte

A

an ion is positive/neg charge particle

an electrolyte is the dissociation of an ion in solution (ionization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what’s a cation and an anion

A

a cation is positively charged ion and a anion is neg charge ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

an ionic bond is form by

A

an electron donor and an electron acceptor (opp attract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a covalent bond is

A

is a bond form by valence( sharing outer layer electrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

polar vs non polar

A

polar is e- is shared unevenly, one side could be more neg (creates electronegativity )
non polar is even sharing of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

weak bonds that are form when hydrogen attaches to other atoms
hydrogen bonds shapes the molecule which makes it change in function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what 2 factors affects chemical rx ?

A
  1. )temperature the higher the temp. the faster the reaction
  2. ) concentration- molecules need to collide in order to react
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

definition for exergonic is >

A

releases more heat than it absorbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

definition for endergonic

A

absorbs more heat than it releases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

activation energy

A

energy required to initiate a chemical rx( this is faster with a catalyst(enzyme), by lowering the A.E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

oxidase

A

add o2 catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dehydratase

A

removes hydrogen ATP split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

decomposition

A

large molecules are broken down into smaller units (catabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

synthesis

A

build up of larger molecules by smaller units (anabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

exchange

A

both anabolic + catabolic Rx, maintain balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
oxidation
lose of electrons, become more positive
26
reduction
gaining of electrons become more neg
27
free radicals
unpaired electrons in outer wall (superoxide free radical)
28
antioxidants
substance that inactivates free radical( source is veg/fruits)
29
inorganic compounds
they are small and do not contain carbon. many ionic bonds e.g water
30
organic compound
contains carbon | many covelant bonds
31
what is a solution >
a combination of a solvent and a solute
32
what is a colloid ?
solute is dissolved and dispersed evenly in the solvent but the solute particles are large enough to scatter light. if it does not dispersed evenly is called sedimentation
33
what;s suspension ?
when materials mix with the liquid (float) for some time before it settle out
34
acid
a substances that upon dissociation produces Hydrogen ions. is a proton donor
35
base
substance that upon dissociation produces hydroxide ions. is a proton acceptor
36
salt
produces ions other than hydrogen or hydrogen oxide
37
acidosis
to much hydrogen concentration in blood
38
alkalosis
to much concentration of OH-
39
buffer system
consist of a weak acid or base. Is used to modify the effects of a strong acid or base. doesn't prevent a change but rather minimize the change
40
buffer system equation
carbonic acid (weak acid) into a weak base. blood uses this to balance PH in body
41
polymer
formed by many repeating small molecules (monomers) formed by dehydration synthesis covalent bonded
42
dehydration synthesis
when monomers join together by the removal of water
43
hydrolysis
Rxn macromolecules is broken down into its monomers | requires addition water
44
what are the three major groups of organic component >?
1/) carbohydrates 2.)lipids 3,) proteins
45
three major components of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides | PRINCIPLE IS ENERGY SOURCE,FUEL
46
monosaccharides
composed of one monomer(simple sugar) contains 3-7 carbons
47
disaccharides
two monosaccharide joined by dehydration synthesis
48
polysaccharide
many monosaccharide joined together by dehydration synthesis. glycogen is the principle polysaccharide in body. stored in liver and skeletal muscles
49
lipids
1-25% of body mass | few polar covalent bonds >insoluble in polar solvents (water)- hydrophobic
50
three main lipids....
1. ) triglycerides 2. ) phospholipids 3. ) steroids
51
triglycerides
composed of three fatty acids attached to main body glycerol (alcohol). long term energy storage. one of fatty acids is unsaturated meaning it has two covalent bonds.
52
saturated and unsaturated
saturated is even bonds for each carbon, solid at room temperature. unsaturated- contain double bond so each carbon is not completely saturated with hydrogen
53
polyunsaturated EFAs
omega 3 and 6
54
cis fatty acid
beneficial for hormone like regulators in cell. the hydrogen sits on the same side of covalent bond
55
trans fatty acid
hydrogen are on the opp sides of the double bond. this happens when a cis-fatty acid is heated and pressurized. not good for health
56
phospholipids
composed of a glycerol body attached to a phosphate and two fatty acid chains attached. one side is polar and the 2 strands are non polar
57
amphipathic
have a polar( hydrophobic) and non polar is hydrophilic.
58
steroids
four rings of carbon atoms non polar molecule | insoluble in water and soluble in fat. cholesterol is the staring point for the synthesis of hormones
59
proteins
functions are- structure to body, regulatory, contractile, immunological, transport, catalytic,
60
peptides bonds
formed by dehydration synthesis, covalent bonds form btw and amino acid and a carboxyl group
61
denaturation
happens when a protein loses its shapes due to a hostile environmental (ph,temp,electrolyte conc, destroy the function of a protein
62
enzymes
proteins molecules that speeds up chemical Rxn. composed of a protein function (apoenzyme) and a non protein (co factor).

anatomy and physiology (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions