chemical senses

Question 1

taste/smell/flavour

Answer 1

taste- molecules enter mouth and stimulate taste receptors on tongue
smell- molecules enter nose and stimulate odor receptors on olfactory mucosa
flavor- result of taste and olfaction being integrated in the brain
help us determine what to consume and not consume

Question 2

5 basic taste qualities

Answer 2

bitter, sour, salty, sweet, umami/savoriness

Question 3

bitter

Answer 3

coffe, endive, quinine

can signal poisons and toxicity

Question 4

sour

Answer 4

lemon, sauerkraut, veineger

can signal under-ripe fruit, rottom meat or other spoiled foods

Question 5

salty

Answer 5

table salt

can signal sodium ions necessary for basic cellular processes

Question 6

sweet

Answer 6

sugar, candy, soda

can signal carbohydrates which are a major source of calories

Question 7

umamisavoriness

Answer 7

MSG, soy sauce, beef broth

can signal proteins that supply amino acids important for health

Question 8

pappillae

Answer 8

taste buds

Question 9

filiform

Answer 9

shaped like cones

located across entire tongue

Question 10

fungiform

Answer 10

shaped like mushrooms

found on sides and tip

Question 11

foliate

Answer 11

series of folds

found on back and sides

Question 12

circumvillate

Answer 12

shaped like flat mounds

found at back

Question 13

taste buds

Answer 13

located in papillae (except for filiform)
each taste bud has a taste cell with tips that extend into the pore
transduction occurs when chemicals contact receptor site on tip

Question 14

what is the number of taste cells in relation to photoreceptors and hair cells

Answer 14

more taste cells than hair cells but less taste cells than photoreceptors

Question 15

taste receptors

Answer 15

molecules bind to receptors changing ion flow across the cell membrane
bitter, sweet, sour, salt and unami receptors

Question 16

taste pathway

Answer 16

signals from taste cells travel along multiple nerves
- chorda tympani nerve from front and side of tongue
- glossopharyngeal nerve from back of tongue
- vagus nerve from mouth and throat
converge in nucleus of solitary tract in medulla
- thalamus
- cortex: insula, frontal operculum