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Science Grade 9 > Chemicals > Flashcards

Chemicals Flashcards

1
Q

Define LD50

A

a dosage that will kill 50% of the test population

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2
Q

What does LD50 stand for?

A

Lethal dose 50

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3
Q

How is LD50 measured

A

mg of toxin/ kg of organism

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4
Q

what food should babies under a year not eat?

A

honey

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5
Q

Vitamin which can combat cyanide poisoning

A

B12

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6
Q

Ricin: __ ribosomes deactivating per min

A

1500

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7
Q

Ricin possible benefit

A

Cancer combatting

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8
Q

What are the different ways of entering the body the toxins can take that alter LD50

A

Absorption, ingestion, inhalation, injection

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9
Q

toxic mushroom examples:

A

death cap, destroying angel

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10
Q

mg in a kg

A

1 million

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11
Q

define environmental steward

A

Conservation, preservation, reduce reuse recycle, respecting wildlife, educating others, limiting pollution/carbon footprint

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12
Q

of plant/animal extinction linked to human activity

A

nearly 1000 species

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13
Q

Support services

A

create and replenish the foundation of the earth’s biological system
(creating 02, replenishing soil)

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14
Q

Provisioning services

A

giving us the raw materials we need to live
E.g. oceans and rivers provide food and water

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15
Q

Regulating services

A

moderating the earth systems we need, which can be dangerous if not regulated
E.g. fungi decomposing things, plants filtering water

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16
Q

Cultural services

A

how ecosystems provide us with beautiful places to live and play in
E.g. Parks, beaches

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17
Q

What needs to be intact for ecosystems to function properly?

A

biodiversity

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18
Q

Why is biodiversity good?

A

It makes species resilient to changes, making there be a better chance of survival if humans mess up and kill off a species or two.

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19
Q

cascade effect

A

how direct changes in one areas can result in in-direct changes in another

20
Q

What is a Greenhouse Gas?

A

A gas in the atmosphere that raises the surface temperature. ice melting and high temps are caused

21
Q

how are green house gasses released?

A

Through burning of fossil fuels, waste, wood, etc.

22
Q

role of nutrients in our body

A

They let our body work properly and do everything from creating cells to strengthening bones

23
Q

What is the difference between Organic and Inorganic nutrients?

A

Organic - 99% have carbon Inorganic usually don’t have carbon

24
Q

The 3 organic molecules

A

lipids, carbs, protein

25
Q

protein job

A

a structural molecule that assists in chemical reactions

26
Q

carb job

A

energy source

27
Q

lipid job

A

storage for unused energy

28
Q

Vitamin C
What is its role?

A

necessary for the growth, development and repair of all body tissues. It’s involved in many body functions, including formation of collagen, absorption of iron, the proper functioning of the immune system, wound healing, and the maintenance of cartilage

29
Q

what does NPK stand for?

A

NO PURPLE KOALAs. JK. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

30
Q

what does nitrogen do for plants

A

Enhances stem/leaf growth
Increases chlorophyll production

31
Q

what does phosphorus do for plants

A

Increases overall health/root development

32
Q

what does potassium do for plants

A

Increases flowering ability/bloom size
Helps plants grow strong/disease resistant

33
Q

artificial fertilizer:

A

plant nutrients produced through chemical processes and humans to nurture soil and foster plant growth:

34
Q

Inorganic fertilizers

A

prepared from rock and minerals and are formed by physical and chemical processes

35
Q

Natural fertilizer examples

A

manure, compost, dead fish

36
Q

List ways that crops can be protected

A

Pesticides can protect crops from weeds/bugs
Introducing neutral enemies (cats on island)
Chasing away/scaring/physically removing harmful organisms
Machines (cultivators) for weeds
Crop rotations (not constantly planting on the same fields)
Controlling pesticides

37
Q

Pesticides

A

a chemical used to control pests
E.g. DDT

38
Q

Herbicides

A

pesticides used for plants specifically

39
Q

Insecticides

A

pesticides used for insects specifically

40
Q

Fungicides

A

pesticides used for fungi specifically (PCP)

41
Q

Biomagnification

A

Amounts of persistent chemicals increase as they move up the food chain

42
Q

Soil residue

A

Chemicals remain in the soil and can be poisonous

43
Q

Harming non-target organisms

A

Chemicals harming organisms they weren’t meant to harm

44
Q

Resistant Species

A

Species can build resistance to pesticides
E.g. the house fly is resistant to DDT and MOA

45
Q

What is a trophic level

A

the position of an organism in the food chain

46
Q

What is the relationship between the trophic level of an organism and the concentration of DDT in its body?

A

The higher the trophic level, the higher the concentration

Science Grade 9 (5 decks)

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