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Science Grade 9 > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

1
Q

prime meridian

A

cuts earth from top to bottom (sagittal plane)

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2
Q

Early theory of space:

A

Earth is central, everything else revolves around it

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3
Q

Earth centered model

A

for 2000 years, this geocentric concept was worked on by Ptolemy. It could not explain why MARS, JUPITER, and SATURN would switch direction.

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4
Q

Sun-centered/ heliocentric model.

A

The theory of the sun being the center of the universe. In early 1500, Nicholas Copernicus proposed this.

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5
Q

sky coordinates

A

altitude/azimuth

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6
Q

altitude

A

the measure of a celestial body’s angle above the horizon

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7
Q

how to measure altitude

A

astrolabe (kinda like a protractor)

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8
Q

azimuth

A

the measure of a celestial body clockwise from north

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9
Q

how to measure azimuth

A

compass

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10
Q

altitude/azimuth assuptions

A

Earth is fixed in space

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11
Q

optical telescope

A

collects visible light rays

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12
Q

radio telescope

A

collects radio waves invisible to our eyes

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13
Q

objective lens

A

lens at the end of the telescope

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14
Q

ocular lens

A

eyepiece

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15
Q

when was the telescope invented

A

1608

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16
Q

how to increase telescope strength

A

increase resolving power by increasing the diameter of the objective lens

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17
Q

whats resolving power

A

ability to see finer objects from far away/magnification

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18
Q

How to calculate resolving power/magnification

A

M = objective focal length/eyepiece focal length

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19
Q

What is the magnification if the objective focal length is 60cm and the eyepiece focal length is 2cm?

A

30

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20
Q

Refracting telescope

A

uses a lens to take in lots of light and focus it to our eye at the end of the barrel

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21
Q

reflecting telescope

A

a concave mirror at the end of the barrel focuses incoming light onto another mirror which focuses the image into our eye.

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22
Q

combination telescope

A

a correcting lens lets in the light which reflects off of other mirrors, sending the image to our eye.

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23
Q

radio telescopes: how do they work?

A

radio waves supply energy and are reflected into an antenna which transmits info to our computers.

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24
Q

interferometry

A

combining input from several telescopes to increase resolution

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25
Q

light is only one form of electromagnetic radiation: name the others

A

radio waves, infrared waves (heat), ultraviolet waves, gamma rays, x rays

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26
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

shows all of the different electromagnetic waves/rays

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27
Q

spectroscopy

A

combining bigger, better telescopes, receiving maximum light.

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28
Q

nebula

A

an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium + other ionized gassed

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29
Q

nebula particles can collect to form…

A

stars, planets an galaxies

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30
Q

nebulae other term

A

interstellar nursury

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31
Q

sun composition

A

plasma

32
Q

how is the sun held together

A

self gravity

33
Q

define solar system

A

a star and all the objects which orbit around it

34
Q

can solar systems have more than 1 star?

A

yes

35
Q

planet mnemonic

A

My Very Excited Mother Just Served Us Noodles

36
Q

types of planets

A

terrestrial and gaseous

37
Q

terrestrial planets

A

mercury, venus, earth, mars

38
Q

gaseous planets

A

jupiter, saturn, neptune, uranus

39
Q

terrestrial planet qualities

A

close to the sun
small
rock/metal
dense
slow rotation
no rings
few/no moons
weak/no magnetic field

40
Q

gaseous planet qualities

A

far from sun
big
gas
low density
fast rotation
rings
many moons
strong magnetic field

41
Q

gravitational force rule

A

larger planet = larger gravitational force

42
Q

length of day rule

A

closer to sun = longer day

43
Q

length of year rule

A

further from sun = longer year

44
Q

comet

A

chunk of ice/rock from outer solar system with coma and tail

45
Q

asteroid

A

a rock in orbit between jupiter and mars

46
Q

meteoroid

A

bigger than a speck of dust, smaller than an asteroid.

47
Q

meteor

A

the light seen as a rock burns up entering the atmosphere

48
Q

meteorite

A

space rock that doesn’t fully burn up in the atmosphere

49
Q

lunar eclipse

A

when the earth is between moon/sun

50
Q

when the moon is between earth/sun

A

solar eclipse.

51
Q

which planets have rings

A

the gaseous planets

52
Q

newton’s 3rd law

A

action/reaction principle: for ever action there is an equal and opposite reaction

53
Q

define exhaust velocity

A

the speed at which the exaust leaves the rocket

54
Q

rocket range

A

how high or far a rocket goes

55
Q

payload

A

device/material the rocket is carrying

56
Q

rocket og use

A

fireworks/weaponry

57
Q

do liquid or solid fuels have higher velocity

A

liquid

58
Q

define multistage rocket

A

sections of rocket are dropped as their fuel is used up.

59
Q

staged rocket benefits

A

less weight over time, dropping stage give extra propelling

60
Q

2 types of satellites

A

natural and artificial

61
Q

natural satellite examples

A

moon, earth

62
Q

satellite definition

A

something that orbits something else

63
Q

artificial satellite uses

A

communication, research, radio, mapping, observation

64
Q

two types of satellite orbits

A

geosynchronous and low earth orbit (leo)

65
Q

the name of the science for measuring earth from space.

A

remote sensing

66
Q

remote sensing examples

A

monitoring air pollution, monitoring water quality, vegetation analysis

67
Q

gps

A

global positioning system

68
Q

why do satellites need to know the time

A

The time information is placed in the codes broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal was broadcast. The signal contains data that a receiver uses to compute the locations of the satellites and to make other adjustments needed for accurate positioning

69
Q

geo orbit satellites go around…

A

the equator

70
Q

geo orbit length

A

24hrs

71
Q

leo length

A

~1.5 hrs

72
Q

leo - one position or multiple?

A

multiple

73
Q

geo orbit distance from earth

A

36k km

74
Q

what calculates/controls spacecraft orbit?

A

COMPUTERS

75
Q

are the comps on the ground or in the ship

A

in the ship. Space base on earth has communication and monitoring

76
Q

define gravitational assist

A

a method of acceleration which enables a spacecraft to gain extra speed by using the gravity of another planet

77
Q

canadarm use

A

deploys, maneuvers and captures payloads

Science Grade 9 (5 decks)

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