Chemistry

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

A small, positively charged particle of matter located in the nucleus of all atoms

Question 2

Electrons

Answer 2

A small, negatively charged particle of matter located in the shell of all atoms

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

A small, neutrally charged particle of matter located in the nucleus of all atoms

Question 4

John Dalton (1803)

Answer 4

Billiard Ball Model
- A tiny indivisible uniformly dense solid sphere

Question 5

J.J Thomson (1904)

Answer 5

The Plum Pudding/Raisin Bun Model
-discovered electron
-Atom is a sphere of positive charge with negative embedded (electrons)

Question 6

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

Answer 6

The Planetary Model
An atom model made of electrons orbiting a nucleus made of protons and neutrons

Question 7

Gold Foil Experiment

Answer 7

Done by Rutherford
An experiment that concluded that an atom is mainly empty space with tiny positively charged core (nucleus)

Question 8

Niels Bohr (1913)

Answer 8

the atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons with the electrons in circular orbitals at specific distances from the nucleus

Question 9

Erwin Schrödinger (1926)

Answer 9

The Electron Cloud/Quantum Model
-Most recent model
-An atomic model where the nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons

Question 10

The 4 families on the periodic table

Answer 10

Halogens
Noble gases
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals

Question 11

Halogens

Answer 11

Highly reactive
The 17th Group

Question 12

Noble Gases

Answer 12

Inert (don’t react)
The 18th group

Question 13

Alkali Metals

Answer 13

Soft, Shiny, Reactive
The 1st Group

Question 14

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 14

Shiny, Mid-Reactive
The 2nd Group

Question 15

Difference between metals and non metals

Answer 15

Metals: natural elements, hard, shiny, opaque and dense
Non Metals: chemical substances, soft, non-shiny, transparent and brittle

Question 16

Conductivity

Answer 16

the measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material.

Question 17

Ionic Compounds

Answer 17

Ionic compounds are compounds consisting of ions.

Two-element compounds are usually ionic when one element is a metal and the other is a non-metal.
- High melting point
- Crystalline solids
- Ionic bonds

Eg. Fe2S3
iron (lll) sulfide

Question 18

Molecular Compounds

Answer 18

Compounds that are composed of only non-metals or semi-metals with non-metals will display covalent bonding and will be classified as molecular compounds.
-Low Melting Points
-Tend to be gases or liquids
-Covalent bonds

Eg: dinitrogen trioxide

Question 19

Methane

Answer 19

CH4

Question 20

Glucose

Answer 20

C6H12O6

Question 21

Sucrose

Answer 21

C12H22O11

Question 22

Ammonium

Answer 22

NH3

Question 23

Ozone

Answer 23

O3

Question 24

Hydrogen Peroxide

Answer 24

H2O2

Question 25

Precipitate

Answer 25

a substance precipitated from a solution

Question 26

Acids

Answer 26

pH < 7.0 Litmus is red Sour

Question 27

Bases

Answer 27

pH > 7.0 Litmus is blue Bitter

Question 28

Indicators that test for pH

Answer 28

Phenolphthalein (pH 8.2-10.0) Bromothymol Blue (pH 6.0-7.6) And Litmus (pH 4.5-8.3)

Question 29

Clues of Chemical Change

Answer 29

Colour Change Odour Formation of gas Precipitate And Change of Temperature

Question 30

Clues of Physical Change

Answer 30

Change in Shape Change in Size Change in state of matter Dissolving Sometimes a Colour Change Melting, Freezing, Boiling, Evaporation, Condensation and Sublimation

Question 31

Formation

Answer 31

A+B > AB Two separate elements mix to form one new substance

Question 32

Decomposition

Answer 32

AB > A+B One substance separates into two separate elements

Question 33

Single Replacement

Answer 33

A+BC > B+AC

Question 34

Double Replacement

Answer 34

AB+CD > AD+CB

Question 35

Combustion

Answer 35

CxHy+O2(g) > CO2(g)+H2O(g)

Question 36

Molar Mass (M)

Answer 36

M = m/n (mass of a substance)/(number of moles) the mass of a chemical compound divided by its amount-of-substance measured in moles

Question 37

Atomic Number

Answer 37

The Number of Protons in the Nucleus of an Atom

Question 38

Mass Number

Answer 38

The number of both protons and neutrons combined

Question 39

Number of electrons

Answer 39

The number of protons minus the ion charge

Question 40

Ion vs. Atom

Answer 40

Ions have an electrical charge Atoms do not

Question 41

Prefixes for molecular compounds

Answer 41

1 = mono- 2 = di- 3 = tri- 4 = tetra- 5 = penta- 6 = hexa- 7 = hepta- 8 = octa- 9 = ennea- or nona- 10 = deca-