Chemistry

Question 1

Vertical columns are?

Answer 1

Groups

Question 2

Horizontal rows are?

Answer 2

Periods

Question 3

Elements in the same group have the same amount of _____ in their outer shell (valiance)

Answer 3

Electrons

Question 4

Protons:
Electrons:
Neutrons:

Answer 4

Protons: atomic number
Electrons: atomic number
Neutrons: atomic mass - atomic number

Question 5

When an atom looses an electron it has a ____ charge and is called a ____

Answer 5

Positive charge
Cation

Question 6

When going down groups the reactivity of non-metals _____

Answer 6

Decreases

Question 6

When an atom looses an electron it has a _____ charge and is called a _____

Answer 6

Positive
Cation
Cats PAWsitive (positive)

Question 7

When going down groups the reactivity of metals _____

Answer 7

Increases

Question 8

Atoms get bigger/smaller as you go down the periodic table?

Answer 8

Bigger

Question 9

Non-metals have a tendency to gain/ loose electrons

Answer 9

Gain

Question 10

Metals have a tendency to gain/ loose electrons

Answer 10

Loose

Question 11

Which group are Halogens located in?

Answer 11

17 (the second last group from the right)

Question 12

Which group are Noble gasses located in?

Answer 12

18

Question 13

Do Noble gasses always have a full outer shell?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

How many electrons do Halogens have in their outer shell?

Answer 14

7 electrons

Question 15

How many electrons do alkali metals have in their outer shell?

Answer 15

1 electron

Question 16

Where are alkali metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 16

Period 1

Question 17

Name physical and chemical properties of alkali metals

Answer 17

Physical
Malleability
Lustrous
Low melting and boiling point

Chemical
Highly reactive (especially with water)
Readily loose 1 electron to for ions

Question 18

What is one example of an alkali metal?

Answer 18

Lithium

Question 19

Physical and chemical properties of halogens

Answer 19

Physical
Exist in different states of matter
Have distinct colours
Soluble in water
Low boiling point

Chemical
Highly reactive
Reactivity decreases down the group
High electro negativity

Question 20

Example of a halogen

Answer 20

iodine

Question 21

Physical and chemical properties of noble gasses

Answer 21

Physical
Low melting and boiling point
Colourless
Nonflammable

Chemical
Very low chemical reactivity
Inert

Question 22

What is an ion?

Answer 22

An atom that has lost or gained electrons in order to gain a full outer shell

Question 23

What is a physical property?

Answer 23

Physical properties describe characteristics like colour and density, and can be observed without changing a substances chemical composition

Question 24

What is a chemical property?

Answer 24

Describes how a substance reacts with another substance which can only be observed through chemical reactions that alter the substances composition

Question 25

Describe covalent bonding

Answer 25

When it forms: Between two nonmetals. Conditions: Atoms have similar or high electronegativity. Instead of transferring electrons, atoms share electron pairs to achieve stable outer shells.

Question 26

Describe ionic bonding

Answer 26

When it forms: Between a metal and a nonmetal. Conditions: One atom (typically a metal) loses electrons to become a positive ion (cation). The other atom (typically a nonmetal) gains electrons to become a negative ion (anion). The bond forms due to the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 27

Describe metallic bonding

Answer 27

When it forms: Between metal atoms. Occurs in pure metals or metal alloys (e.g., iron, copper, aluminum, bronze). Conditions: All atoms have low electronegativity. Atoms contribute their valence electrons to a 'sea of electrons' that are free to move around. This creates strong bonding between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons.