Chemistry Flashcards
Solutions (14 cards)
What is a true solution?
This is a homogenous solution, with particles smaller than 1 nm, cannot be filtered and no light scatter
What is a colloid?
A colloid is a HETEROGENOUS solution, with particles between 1 nm and 1000 nm that scatters light and cannot be filtered
What is a suspension?
A suspension is a HETEROGENEOUS solution, has particles bigger than 1000 nm, can be filtered, scatters/reflects light and settles.
What are the components of a solute?
Minor component, gets dissolved
What are the components of a solvent?
The major component does the dissolving.
What are the properties of a solution?
No settling, No light scattering, Cannot be separated by filtration, Uniform at macroscopic level
What factor allows for dissolution?
Like dissolves like”: Similar IMFs between solute and solvent allow dissolution.
IMF formed between ions and water?
Ion-dipole interactions: Key to ionic compounds dissolving in polar solvents (e.g., NaCl in water).
What are 3 ways to increase the RATE of dissolution?
Stirring (agitation): Increases collisions → faster dissolving.
Temperature: More kinetic energy = faster.
Surface area: More exposed solute = faster dissolving.
The 3 Types of Solutions?
Saturated: Max solute dissolved at temp (at equilibrium)
Unsaturated: Less than max.
Supersaturated: More than max—unstable, crystals can form.
The process of energy release and absorption in a solution.
1) Separating the solute into different components, requiring energy to break the bonds, expanding the solute = ENDOTHERMIC
2) Overcome the IMF between solvent molecules to make more room for solute, expanding the solvent = ENDOTHERMIC
3) Allow the solute and solvent to interact, forming the solution (realeses energy EXOTHERMIC)
How do the ions themselves affect the solubility?
Ion charge: Higher charge = stronger bond = less soluble.
Ion size: Larger = weaker bond = more soluble.
How does the temperature affect solubility for solids and gases?
AND PRESSURE (gas only)
Solids: solubility usually ↑ with temp.
Gases: solubility ↓ with temp.
Pressure: ↑ pressure = ↑ solubility
Would an ionic compound with a high lattice energy dissolve?
No, it would not dissolve in all solvent because the IMF in the ion are too strong to overcome.
