chemistry

Question 1

What organization has formulated general rules for nomenclature of organic compounds?

Answer 1

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 2

How many essential parts should systematic names of chemicals contain?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What is the purpose of the prefix in the nomenclature of organic compounds?

Answer 3

To specify the location and identity of various substituent groups in the molecule

Question 4

What does the locant specify in the nomenclature of organic compounds?

Answer 4

The location of the primary functional group

Question 5

What is specified by the parent in the nomenclature of organic compounds?

Answer 5

The main part of the molecule with the number of carbon atoms

Question 6

What is the role of the suffix in the nomenclature of organic compounds?

Answer 6

To specify the primary functional group

Question 7

Which university has a virtual textbook on organic chemistry that can be followed to learn more?

Answer 7

Michigan State University

Question 9

What is IUPAC Rule 1?

Answer 9

Finding the parent hydrocarbon

Subrule 1f: If there are two or more longest chains of equal length, the one having the largest number of substituents is chosen.

Question 10

What does IUPAC Rule 2 focus on?

Answer 10

Numbering the carbon chain

Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end nearest a substituent group.

Question 11

What is Subrule 2 of IUPAC Rule 2?

Answer 11

If both ends of the root chain have equidistant substituents:
* Begin numbering at the end nearest a third substituent, if one is present.
* Begin numbering at the end nearest the first cited group (alphabetical order).

Question 12

What is IUPAC Rule 3 about?

Answer 12

Assigning the prefix and the locant

Designate the location of each substituent group by an appropriate number and name. Only alkyl groups are discussed for alkanes.

Question 13

What does IUPAC Rule 4 entail?

Answer 13

Assembling the full name

Assemble the name, listing groups in alphabetical order using the full name. Two or more substituents are cited in alphabetical order.

Question 14

What prefixes are not considered when alphabetizing substituents?

Answer 14

di, tri, tetra etc.

These prefixes are used to designate several groups of the same kind.

Question 15

What punctuation is used to separate various prefixes in naming?

Answer 15

Hyphens

Commas are used to separate numbers.

Question 17

What are the three essential features of an IUPAC name?

Answer 17

1. A root or base indicating a major chain or ring of carbon atoms
2. A suffix or other element(s) designating functional groups
3. Names of substituent groups, other than hydrogen

Question 18

Fill in the blank: An IUPAC name will have a root or base indicating a major chain or ring of _______.

Answer 18

[carbon atoms]

Question 19

What does the suffix in an IUPAC name designate?

Answer 19

Functional groups that may be present in the compound

Question 20

True or False: An IUPAC name includes only the names of carbon atoms in the molecular structure.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the role of substituent groups in an IUPAC name?

Answer 21

They complete the molecular structure and are other than hydrogen

Question 22

What are hydrocarbons having no double or triple bond functional groups classified as?

Answer 22

Alkanes or cycloalkanes

Question 23

What determines the classification of hydrocarbons as alkanes or cycloalkanes?

Answer 23

The arrangement of carbon atoms in chains or rings

Question 24

What is the significance of alkanes and cycloalkanes in organic chemistry?

Answer 24

They provide the framework for functional groups in other compounds and are ideal starting points for studying and naming organic compounds

Question 25

What larger class of compounds do alkanes and cycloalkanes belong to?

Answer 25

Aliphatic compounds

Question 26

What defines an aliphatic compound?

Answer 26

Compounds that do not incorporate any aromatic rings in their molecular structure

Question 27

What suffix is commonly used to identify alkanes?

Answer 27

'ane'

Question 28

List the IUPAC names for simple continuous-chain alkanes from C-1 to C-10.

Answer 28

* Methane * Ethane * Propane * Butane * Pentane * Hexane * Heptane * Octane * Nonane * Decane

Question 29

Why should the names methane through decane be memorized?

Answer 29

They constitute the root of many IUPAC names

Question 30

What is used in naming chains of five or more carbon atoms?

Answer 30

Common numerical prefixes

Question 31

What is the formula structure increment for alkanes?

Answer 31

CH2 increment ## Footnote This indicates that each successive alkane differs from the previous one by a -CH2- unit.

Question 32

What is a uniform variation in a series of compounds called?

Answer 32

Homologous ## Footnote This term describes compounds that have a similar structure but differ by a constant unit.

Question 33

What rule do the formulas of alkanes fit?

Answer 33

CnH2n+2 ## Footnote This rule describes the relationship between the number of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms in alkanes.

Question 34

What does the CnH2n+2 rule indicate about hydrogen to carbon ratio?

Answer 34

Highest possible H/C ratio for a stable hydrocarbon ## Footnote This means that alkanes are fully saturated with hydrogen.

Question 35

What term is used to describe compounds with the maximum hydrogen to carbon ratio?

Answer 35

Saturated ## Footnote Saturated hydrocarbons contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.

Question 36

What are cycloalkanes?

Answer 36

Cycloalkanes have one or more rings of carbon atoms.

Question 37

What is the simplest example of cycloalkanes?

Answer 37

A single, unsubstituted carbon ring.

Question 38

How do cycloalkanes relate to unbranched alkanes?

Answer 38

They form a homologous series similar to unbranched alkanes.

Question 39

What is the general formula for a cycloalkane composed of n carbons?

Answer 39

CnH2n.

Question 40

What happens when a simple unbranched alkane is converted to a cycloalkane?

Answer 40

Two hydrogen atoms must be lost, one from each end of the chain.

Question 41

How does the hydrogen saturation of cycloalkanes compare to alkanes?

Answer 41

Cycloalkanes have two fewer hydrogens than the equivalent alkane but are still considered saturated.

Question 42

True or False: Each carbon in a cycloalkane is bonded to four other atoms.

Answer 42

True.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The general formula for a cycloalkane is _______.

Answer 43

CnH2n

Question 44

How are substituted cycloalkanes named?

Answer 44

In a fashion very similar to that used for naming branched alkanes

Question 45

What is the chief difference in naming substituted cycloalkanes compared to branched alkanes?

Answer 45

The numbering system

Question 46

Why does the numbering of cycloalkanes start at a substituted ring atom?

Answer 46

All the carbons of a ring are equivalent

Question 47

True or False: A ring has ends like a chain does.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The numbering of substituted cycloalkanes starts at a _______.

Answer 48

[substituted ring atom]

Question 49

what is rule number 1 for naming cycloalkanes?

Answer 49

For a no-substituted cycloalkane, the ring provides the root name, and the substituent is named as usual. No location number is needed.