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Chemistry Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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2
Q

Atom

A

Basic complete unit of an element

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3
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

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4
Q

Covalent bond

A

chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms

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5
Q

electron

A

negatively charged atomic particle

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6
Q

group

A

column of elements in the periodic table

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7
Q

ion

A

positively or negatively charged atom or molecule

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8
Q

ionic bond

A

the bond between two oppositely charged ions (transfer of electrons)

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9
Q

neutron

A

no electric charge

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10
Q

orbital

A

area around the nucleus where an electron can be found

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11
Q

period

A

one of seven horizontal rows in the periodic table

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12
Q

periodic table

A

the table of elements expressed as columns and rows

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13
Q

proton

A

positively charged atomic particle

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14
Q

valence electron

A

electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms

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15
Q

boiling point

A

temperature at which a liquid cools and turns into vapor

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16
Q

chemical properties

A

characteristics of a material that present during a chemical reaction or chemical change

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17
Q

density

A

amount of mass per volume

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18
Q

diffusion

A

passive movement of substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

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19
Q

extensive properties

A

properties that depend on size of the sample of a substance

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20
Q

intensive properties

A

properties that do not dependent on size of sample of a substance

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21
Q

malleability

A

ability of a metal to be shaped

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22
Q

melting point

A

temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

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23
Q

nonpolar

A

type of covalent bond in which two atoms share electrons at equal distances from their atomic nuclei

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24
Q

osmosis

A

passage of fluid thorough a membrane

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25
physical properties
observable properties of matter
26
polar
type of covalent bond in which two atoms share electrons that are not at equal distances from their atomic nuclei
27
specific heat capacity
the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius
28
boiling
transition of liquid to gas when a substance has acquired enough thermal energy
29
condensation
transition of a gas to a liquid
30
critical point
temperature at which the liquid and gas phases of substances have the same density
31
deposition
transition of substance from gas to solid without passing through the liquid state
32
evaporation
transition of liquid to gas that happens with or without the substance acquired enough thermal energy to reach its boiling point
33
freezing
the transition of liquid to solid
34
gas
state of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape and is highly compressible
35
liquid
state of matter that has definite volume but not definite shape
36
melting
transition of a solid to a liquid
37
phase diagram
graph of physical states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure
38
solid
state of matter that retains its shape and density when not contained
39
sublimation
transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state
40
triple point
temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance coexist
41
acid
substance with pH less than 7
42
base
substance with pH greater than 7
43
catalyst
substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change
44
chemical equation
mathematic representation of a chemical reaction
45
compound
a substance made of two or more elements
46
element
pure substances that cannot be broken into simpler substances
47
enzyme
substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst
48
metal
substance that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cations by loss of electrons, and yields basic oxides and hydroxides
49
nonmetal
any element or substance that is not metal
50
organic molecule
molecule found in a living thing that contains carbon
51
pH
measures of acidity or alkalinity
52
salt
chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with a least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation
53
graduated cylinder
narrow cylinder used to measure liquid volume
54
gram
metric unit of mass
55
length
measurement of distance from end to end
56
liter
measurement of liquid volume
57
mass
measurement of inertia, commonly considered the amount of material contained by an object and causing it to have weight in a gravitational field
58
meter
basic unit of length in the metric system
59
SI units
international system of units based on meters, kilograms, seconds, amperes, kelvin, candela, and mole.
60
volume
the amount of space something takes up
61
volumetric pipette
a device used for precise measurement of small amounts of liquid
62
bias
prejudice in favor of an idea
63
empirical
based on observation
64
data
collection of information
65
conclusion
end judgement based on data
66
experiment
scientific procedure to test a hypothesis
67
cause
element that makes something happen
68
effect
result of a cause
69
sequencing
organization of cause and effect relationships
70
control variable
something kept constant during an experiment
71
dependent variable
what is measured in an experiment as a possible effect
72
hypothesis
an educated guess that serves as a starting point for furth
73
independent variable
what is measured in an experiment
74
variable
something that changes
75
a base is a substance that increases the concentration of what in a solution?
OH- ions
76
What is an example of a mixture?
Air
77
law of conservation of mass
the mass of reactants equals the mass of the products

TEAS (4 decks)

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