Chemistry 1a Flashcards
(33 cards)
Which elements properties are more similar to magnesium’s: calcium or iron?
Calcium
What are the symbols for…
A) calcium
B) Carbon
C) sodium
A) Cl
B) C
C) Na
Describe how you work out the electronic structure of an atom given it atomic number
The first shell can only have a maximum of 2 electrons and the second shell can take a maximum of 8 electrons.
An element has the same amount of protons as it does electrons, for example: nitrogen= 7 protons and 7 electrons so the first shell has 2 electrons and the second shell has 5 electrons
Describe the process of ionic bonding
Ionic bonding is where an atom GIVES a electron to another atom so they have full shells
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is where an atom SHARES an electron with another atom so they have full shells
Suggest an example of:
A) element
B) compound
A) nitrogen
B) CO2
Balance is equation:
CaCO3⃣ ➕ HCl ➡️ CaCl2⃣ ➕ H2⃣O ➕ CO2⃣
CaCO3⃣ ➕ 2⃣HCl ➡️ CaCl2⃣ ➕ H2⃣O ➕ CO2⃣
Write down the symbol equation showing the thermal decomposition of limestone
Calcium Carbonate ➡️ Calcium Oxide ➕ Carbon Dioxide
CaCO3⃣ ➡️ CaO ➕ CO2⃣
What products are produced when limestone reacts with acid?
Calcium Dioxide, calcium Salt and Water
What is calcium hydroxide used for?
Used neutralise acidic soil and works faster than powdered limestone which can also be used to neutralise acidic soil.
What building materials are made from limestone? Name 3…
Bricks
Sand
Mortar
Plans to develop a limestone quarry and a cement factory on some hill near your house. Explain the views that the following might have…
A dog owner
The owner of a cafe
A mother with young children
A Beatle
A dog owner won’t be able to walk in the fresh air with her dog
A cafe owner will loose business due to the limestone quarry as it isn’t very attractive and people may be out off by the noise
A mother with young children may worry that they may go into the limestone quarry and therefore this could be dangerous. The noise impact would also affect her
A Beatle would loose its habitat and therefore wouldn’t have the necessities of food, shelter and water. The Beatle would then die and the food chain would be broken. This would affect it her animals.
What is the definition of a ore?
An ore is a rock dug out of the ground which contains large compounds of metal. An ore is a rock worth digging up as the metal inside can be used for making metal products which can be sold for money.
Explain why zinc can be extracted by reduction with carbon and magnesium can’t.
Anything higher than carbon in the reactivity series has to be extracted using electrolysis. Magnesium is high up in the reactivity series and therefore has to use electrolysis to extract it from its ore. Carbon however is lower in the reactivity series and there for can be extracted using reduction.
What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is the process in which the elements at the top of the reactivity series can be broken down by using electricity. This is very expensive to do and requires specialist equipment.
Describe the process of purifying copper through extraction.
Electrons are pulled off copper atoms at the anode causing them to go into solution as Cu2⃣➕ions. Cu2⃣➕ions near the cathode gain electrons and turn back into copper atoms.
The impurities are dropped at the anode as a sludge whilst copper atoms bond to the cathode.
Why is aluminium an expensive metal?
Aluminium is an expensive metal as it requires electrolysis to purify and extract the metal from it ore.
Describe how scrap iron can be used to displace copper from the solution.
If some iron is out into a lotion of copper sulphate the more reactive iron will “kick out” the less reactive copper form the solution and your left with iron sulphate solution and copper metal.
What is the name of the method where plants are used to extract metals form soil? (Remember ‘PHOTOsynthesis’)
Phytomiming
Give three reason why it’s good to recycle metal.
- Save money as energy doesn’t come cheap
- There is only a small amount of each metal in the earth. Recycling conserves these resources
- Cuts down on the amount of landfill
Give there properties of metals
Strong
Bendy
Good conductors
Briefly describe two problems with metals
Some metals corrode easily when exposed to air and water.
When metals are continuously stressed and strained, over time this can lead to metals breaking and is could potentially be dangerous. Eg. On planes
Describe and explain problems of using iron straight from the blast furnace and pure iron.
- Impure iron is used as cast iron and is handy for making ornamental rails but doesn’t have many other uses as it is very brittle.
- Pure iron has regular arrangement of identical atoms and the layer can slide over each other which makes the iron soft and easily snapped making it far to bendy for any use.
Give to examples of alloys and say what’s in them.
Stainless steel - iron and chromium
Brass - copper and zinc
