CHEMISTRY Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the 5 branches of chemistry?
- Organic chemistry
- Physical chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Analytical chemistry
- Inorganic chemistry
What is chemistry?
A science that studies the changes of matter and explains how the universe is made.
Define the 5 branches of chemistry:
- Organic chemistry-studies the compounds based on carbon
- physical chemistry-studies the relation between energy & matter
- biochemistry-studies the molecules of life
- analytical chemistry-determines the composition of different substances
- inorganic chemistry- studies the compounds that are NOT based on carbon
Define scientific and empirical knowledge:
Scientific knowledge- things that have been studied using the scientific method
Empirical knowledge- is knowledge you have or already know, due to experience or being passed down from generations
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Test your experiment
- accept or reject hypothesis
- Propose a new hypothesis if needed
What is pollution?
A harmful substance in our planet
What is greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect gases makes a layer on the troposphere & it traps the suns rays in that layer, increasing the temperature & humidity
Greenhouse affect: Explain: -causes -consequences -solutions
•Causes -burning of fossil fuels -deforestation - the use of cars creats pollution •Consequences -hot wheather -droughts -melting glaciers in the poles •Solutions -classify trash -do not cut trees -use the 3R's
Define global warming:
Its the increase in temperature due to pollution, CO & methane gases.
Global warming:
- causes
- consequences
- solutions
Causes -greenhouse gases -carbon dioxide -over use in electricity -deforestation Consequences -wheather changes -rapid water cycle -melting glaciers, overflow of salt water Solutions - use the 3R's -be ecofriendly -bycicles instead of cars -reduce in energy
What is soil pollution?
Its the contamination of soil with harmful substances that can affect the quality & health of those living in it
Soil pollution
- causes
- consequences
- solutions
Causes -industrial activities -agricultural activities -acid rain Consequences -plants & animals dying -toxic dust Solutions -decrease in factories -3R's -dont contaminate
What is Acid Rain?
It contaminates fresh water
Its produced by the chemical reaction of water(precipitation) with the fumes released by factories(nitrogen oxides), sulfer oxides, & carbon oxides cause the rain to mix with the factories waste and turn into acid rain
Acid Rain
- causes
- consequences
- solutions
Causes -fumes of factories -pollution of cars -industrial pollution Consequences -soil pollution -pollution in oceans -animal&plants are dying -deseases Solutions -put filters in the factories -dont burn trash -decrease the use of cars
What is matter?
Everything that has mass & takes up space
How can we describe matter?
According to the physical and chemical properties
Define chemical properties:
- The ability to react
- involves the changing of the composition of matter
Define physical properties:
Is what we can tell by using our 5 sences
- taste
- smell
- sight
- hear
- touch
Describe physical Intensive properties:
Independent in the amount of matter
Example: in color,flavor,(states of matter) solid,liquid,gas,plasma.
Boiling or melting point
Describe physical Extensive properties:
They depend on the amount of matter
Examples:mass,weight,length,height, volume
How can we classify the properties of matter?
/-physical
Properties of matter. /
\
-chemical
•both intensive and extensive
Define physical change:
Modification that doesn’t involve a change in the composition of matter
Example: melting freezing, folding or cutting a paper, boiling water, squeezing lemons
Define chemical change:
The change that involves the modification of the composition of matter.
Examples: dying & curling hair with chemicals that stays for years, burning coal, fossil fuels, leaves changing color
Define the states of matter:
SOLID: definite volume and shape
LIQUID: matter flows, takes shape of the container
GAS: matter flows, takes shape & volume easily compressed
PLASMA:is a form of matter that exists when atoms can flow
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE: very low temperature at which molecular motion stops this, called absolute zero forming atoms, which starts overlapping.
