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Cosmetology. > Chemistry. > Flashcards

Chemistry. Flashcards

1
Q

Matter exists in three basic forms:

A
  1. Solids - weight, volume, shape
  2. Liquids - weight, volume
  3. Gases - volume
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2
Q

What form of matter is hair?

A

Solid

*hair is comprised of two solids (carbon and sulfur) and three gases (hydrogen, nitrogen & oxygen)

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3
Q

What is the most abundant element on earth?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

What is the second most abundant element on earth?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

A change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance

i.e. Water freezing into ice

A

Physical change

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6
Q

A change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original substance

i.e. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to create water

A

Chemic change

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7
Q

All matter that is now living or was alive at one time; carbon present

i.e. Plants and animals

A

Organic chemistry

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8
Q

Studies all matter that is not alive, has never been alive and does not contain carbon

i.e. Rocks, water, minerals

A

Inorganic chemistry

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9
Q

There are how many known elements in nature?

A

92 elements

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10
Q

Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

A

Elements

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11
Q

Atoms that are identical to each other form an:

A

Element

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12
Q

The molecule formed when different elements are joined together chemically is called a?

A

Compound

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13
Q

The smallest complete unit of an element is an:

A

Atom

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14
Q

Elements found in hair include?

A

COHNS:

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen & Sulfur

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15
Q

Has a positive energy in an atom

Located inside the nucleus

A

Proton

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16
Q

Have no charge in an atom; determines weight of atom

Located inside the nucleus

A

Neutron

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17
Q

Has a negative charge in an atom; sometimes makes it possible for atoms to unit with other atoms to form a bond
Located outside the nucleus

A

Electrons

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18
Q

Which is the simplistic atomic structure?

A

Hydrogen

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19
Q

Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a?

A

Molecule

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20
Q

How many common amino aside are there?

A

22

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21
Q

The atomic number of an atom indicates the number of what in the nucleus?

A

Protons

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22
Q

The number of electrons oxygen has orbiting its nucleus is?

A

8

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23
Q

What is an unstable atom missing in its outer shell?

A

Electrons

24
Q

Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

They join together in chains to become proteins which provide the chemicals the body needs for growth and repairing tissues

A

Amino acids

25
Q

Hair is primarily composed of?

A

97% keratin protein

3% trace minerals

26
Q

The backbone of all protein molecules

Forms when 2 amino acid ends join

A

Peptide bond

OR end bond

27
Q

What type of bonds are individually very weak?

Can be easily broken by heat or water

A

Hydrogen bonds

*about 35% of hair’s strength is due to millions of hydrogen bonds

28
Q

Name the four types of side bonds:

A

Hydrogen bond
Salt bond
Disulfide bond
van der Waal’s forces

29
Q

Unlike charges attract to help organize protein chains

35% of hairs resistance to change; not exactly strong

A

Salt bonds

30
Q

The most important side bond a cosmetologist had to be concerned with

Contains sulfur, chemical change

A

Disulfide bonds

31
Q

The theory that atomic groups prefer an environment with other groups that have similar structures

A

van der Waal’s Theory

32
Q

A unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline

A

pH (potential hydrogen)

33
Q

Only solutions that contain what can have an acidic or alkaline nature?

A

Water or dissolvable in water

34
Q

When a solution has an equal number of hydrogen (positive ions) and hydroxide (negative ions) ions it is?

A

Neutral

35
Q 
Ranges from 0-14
0 - acidic 
7 - neutral
14 - alkaline
Logarithmic - each step/number increases by multiples of 10
A

pH Scale

36
Q

A pH of 5 is how many times acidic than a pH of 6?

A

10 times

37
Q

The pH of skin, hair and scalp is in the following range:

A

4.5-5.5

38
Q

A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules evenly dispersed would be?

A

Solution

39
Q

A solute mixed in a solvent that tends to separate if left standing is a:

A

Suspension

40
Q

A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a:

A

Solvent

41
Q

These are formed when two or more non-mix able substances are united with help of a binder

A

Emulsions

42
Q

Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent (usually in semi-solid form)

A

Ointments

43
Q

Mixtures of days and oils concerted to fatty acids by heat and then purified

A

Soaps

44
Q

Equal mixture of inorganic and organic substances that do not dissolve in water and that have been sifted and mixed u too free of coarse gritty particles

A

Powders

45
Q

Which type of hair usually needs to be shampooed more often

A

Oily

46
Q

What type of conditioners contain hydrolyzed animal proteins and are recommended for dry, brittle hair that has been mechanically or chemically damaged

A

Moisturizing

47
Q

The purpose of a neutralizer is?

A

Restores disulfide bonds

48
Q

Most ingredients for conditioners are proteins derived from?

A

Veggie & animal materials

49
Q

What is the most common oxidizing agent used in Hair coloring and in hair lightening?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

50
Q

Most shampoo is water-based and contains an ingredient called

A

Surfactant
(Cleansing agent)
Can remove oil form the hair

51
Q

The water-loving part of a molecule:

A

Hydrophilic

52
Q

The oil-loving part of a molecule

A

Lipophilic

53
Q

The purpose of a waving lotion is to break down

A

Disulfide bonds

54
Q

An acid rinse (pH 2-3) designed to dissolve soap scum, untangle and separate hair and add sheen is a

A

Vinegar and lemon rinse

55
Q

What type of colors penetrate the cuticle layer of the hair and last through several shampoos?

A

Semi-permanent (6-8 shampoos)

56
Q

What does dimethicone do in some conditioners?

A

Gives softness to the feel of hair without weighing it down (silicone form)

57
Q

Anything that occupies space

A

Matter

Cosmetology. (14 decks)

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