Chemistry Flashcards
Conservative major ion
Sodium chloride sulfate magnesium calcium potassium
Conservative major ion composition
Sodium- 55% Chloride- 31% Sulfate- 8% Magnesium- 4% Calcium- 1% Potassium- 1%
Salinity and conductivity
conductivity increases as salt content increases
Things that affect density
salinity, temperature, pressure
What are CTDs
Conductivity
Temperature
Depth
Salinity trends
Salinity greatest in warm tropical water (evaporation)
Salinity lowest at inputs freshwater from river or melting
Units of Salinity
no units uses PSU (practical salinity unit)
how does salinity relate to weight
salinity is approximately equal to weight in grams
_g per 1000g–> ppt (%o)
what consists of salt
ions
cation (+)
anion (-)
Elements in the seawater
Water is universal solvent thus dissolving/eroding rock releasing all elements.
Every natural occurring element found in seawater
Where do sea salts come from
weathered rock (slow process) cations come from on land anions come from interior of earth Volcanic rock do not contain enough anions thus volcanoes introduces
What is residence time
time to replace the total amount of ions in seawater with ions in the river flow
How does the salt concentration of the oceans change
it hasn’t for 1.5 billion years
It is in a ‘steady state’
What is steady state
Removal of salt from oceans being equal to input rate
What are evaporites
salt deposits left behind when seawater evaporates
