Chemistry

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

A substance that occupies physical space and consists of various types of particles, each with mass and size

Question 2

What states can matter be found in?

Answer 2

Solids, liquids and gases

Question 3

What does the Law of Conservation of Matter state?

Answer 3

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, can change forms but is conserved and the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants

Question 4

What does the Particle Model state?

Answer 4

That all matter is made up of particles which behave in different ways

Question 5

What are the particles like in solids?

Answer 5

Strong forces hold the particles together so they stay in fixed positions

Question 6

What are the particles in liquids like?

Answer 6

There are attractive forces between the particles, but they can easily break and reform so that the particles can slide past each other

Question 7

What are the particles like in gases?

Answer 7

There are barely any attractive forces between the particles, which are free to move in any direction

Question 8

What is the change from solid to liquid called?

Answer 8

Melting, addition of heat

Question 9

What is the change from a liquid to gas called?

Answer 9

Evaporation, addition of heat

Question 10

What is the change from a gas to a liquid called?

Answer 10

Condensation, removal of heat

Question 11

What is the change from a liquid to solid called?

Answer 11

Freezing, removal of heat

Question 12

What is the change from a solid to gas called?

Answer 12

Sublimation, addition of heat

Question 13

What affects the rate of a reaction?

Answer 13

Temperature, surface area, concentration and pressure

Question 14

What is an atom made up of?

Answer 14

Three subatomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 15

What does the nucleus of the atom contain?

Answer 15

The positively charged protons and no charge neutrons

Question 16

What does the outermost region of the atom contain?

Answer 16

The negatively charged electrons

Question 17

What did the Ernst Rutherford experiment prove?

Answer 17

That every atom contains a nucleus where all its positive charge and mass are concentrated

Question 18

How is the periodic table ordered?

Answer 18

By atomic number, from top to bottom and left to right

Question 19

Where are most non-metals found in the periodic table?

Answer 19

The top right hand corner

Question 20

What state of matter are metals usually found as?

Answer 20

Solids, apart from Mercury which is a liquid

Question 21

What are typical features of a metal?

Answer 21

Shiny, glossy, conduct electricity, can be flattened into sheets and can be stretched into threads or wires

Question 22

What are typical features of non-metals?

Answer 22

Dull, brittle, easily broken, don’t conduct electricity

Question 23

What is an isotope?

Answer 23

Atoms of the same element but different mass numbers which are often unstable and break down into other atoms

Question 24

How are isotopes identified?

Answer 24

Example: Carbon-12 or Carbon-14

Question 25

What does an element consist of?

Answer 25

Only one type of atom and it cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter

Question 26

What does a compound consist of?

Answer 26

Atoms of two or more elements bonded together and can be broken down into a simpler type of matter by chemical means

Question 27

What does a mixture consist of?

Answer 27

Two or more elements or compounds physically intermingled and can be separated into components by physical means

Question 28

Are compounds and mixtures pure substances?

Answer 28

Compounds are but mixtures are not

Question 29

How is a chemical equation balanced?

Answer 29

By placing coefficients in front of chemical formulas

Question 30

What are molecules?

Answer 30

Small groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 31

What are lattices?

Answer 31

A large number of atoms held closely together in continuous frameworks

Question 32

What is a physical change?

Answer 32

When matter changes shape, size, state of matter, is broken down, compresses or expands, mixes with other matter

Question 33

What are some examples of physical change?

Answer 33

Tearing paper, melting ice cream

Question 34

What happens during a physical change?

Answer 34

The types of particles do not change and the change can usually be easily reversed

Question 35

What is a chemical change?

Answer 35

Colour or temperature change, formation or disappearance of a solid, production of a new gas

Question 36

What happens during chemical change?

Answer 36

Some substances at the beginning of the change are not there at the end, new substances have different properties and the change cannot usually be easily reversed

Question 37

What is an example of chemical change?

Answer 37

Thermal decomposition

Question 38

What is precipitation?

Answer 38

The creation of a solid from a solution

Question 39

What are reactants?

Answer 39

Substances that start a chemical reaction?

Question 40

What are products?

Answer 40

Substances that are produced in a chemical reaction

Question 41

What do word equations represent?

Answer 41

A chemical reaction by using the names of the chemicals involved

Question 42

How are word equations written?

Answer 42

Reactants- Products Eg: Water- Hydrogen Gas+ Oxygen Gas

Question 43

What does a structural equation show?

Answer 43

The spatial structure of molecules using ball and stick models