Human Systems Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the major components of blood?
Red blood cells, blood plasma, white blood cells and platelets
What happens during chemical digestion?
New substances are produced, helped by special substances called enzymes
What is physical digestion?
Slicing, grinding and churning to break substances into smaller pieces and mix them together
What is chemical digestion?
The use of chemical reactions to convert substances into simpler chemicals that can be more easily absorbed by the body
What is the difference between the trachea and the oesophagus?
The trachea is part of the respiratory system used to transport air whereas the oesophagus is part of the digestive system used to transport food
What is the similarity between the alveoli in the lungs and villi in the small intestine?
They both help increase the surface area of their respective organ
What do exercise and stress have to do with breathing?
They increase the heart rate and rate of breathing because the lungs and the heart have to work harder and faster
Why are arteries thicker and stronger than the veins?
Because it carries blood under pressure
What are capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels that help deliver nutrients to cells and remove waste products from cells by diffusing through their walls
What do the heart and lungs have in common?
They work together to make sure the body has oxygen-rich blood it needs to function properly
What is the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and veins are blood vessels that carry blood back from the heart
What are the muscles used during breathing?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
What are the major organs of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood and blood vessels
What are the major organs in the respiratory system?
Trachea, larynx and lungs
What happens during inhalation?
The diaphragm contracts, lungs expand, air pressure in the lungs decreases and air is drawn into the lungs
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes, lungs shrink, air pressure in the lungs increases and air is forced out of the lungs
What is the function of the large intestine?
It contains living bacteria, removes water and transmits useless waste from the body
What is the functions of the oesophagus?
It is a tube that connects the throat and stomach, allowing food and drink into the stomach
What is the function of the stomach?
It releases acids and enzymes to break down proteins and churns and squeezes food into liquid
What is the function of the liver?
It produces bile to increase the absorption of fats and is injected to the small intestine
What is the function of the pancreas?
It creates insulin and pancreatic juice to help break down food
What is the function of the small intestine?
It is where 90% of the digestion and absorption of food occurs
What is the function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen
What is the function of blood plasma?
Watery part of blood that helps it flow
