Chemistry

Question 1

ATOM

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element; breaking down an atom any further will make it unidentifiable

Question 2

Atoms are made up of:

Answer 2

Protons - positive charge
Electrons - negative charge
Neutrons - neutral charge

Question 3

VALENCE

Answer 3

Electrons in the outermost shell; involved in chemical reactions

Question 4

SHELLS

Answer 4

Electrons orbit the nucleus in increasing energy levels

Question 5

Atoms w/ full valence shells are :

Answer 5

Nonreactive e.g. noble gases

Question 6

Element

Answer 6

Has the same number of protons & is also the the elements atomic number

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element w/ different numbers of neutrons & masses

Question 8

Ions

Answer 8

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of electrons & will have a charge

Question 9

Cations

Answer 9

Positive ions

Question 10

Anions

Answer 10

Negative ions

Question 11

Same number of protons & electrons

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

WHAT IS A MOLECULE

Answer 12

When 2 or more atoms join together

Question 13

WHAT IS A COMPOUND

Answer 13

Made by combining 2 or more different elements // Substances that contain more than 1 type of element

Question 14

WHAT IS A COVALENT BOND

Answer 14

the atoms share electrons

Question 15

WHAT IS AN IONIC BOND

Answer 15

Two ions w/ opposite charges that are attracted to each other & bind together

Question 16

Pure Substances

Answer 16

Compounds made up of identical molecules

Question 17

What is a mixture? & what are the 2 categories?

Answer 17

Consists of 2 or more substances that are not chemically bonded // Homogeneous mixture are uniformly distributed e.g. salt water & air ; Heterogeneous mixture components are not uniformly distributed e.g. rocks & soil

Question 18

SOLUTION

Answer 18

A uniform, homogeneous, mixture of different molecules

Question 19

SOLUTE

Answer 19

The material being dissolved in a solution

Question 20

SOLVENT

Answer 20

The material that the solute dissolves in

Question 21

MELTING

Answer 21

Solid to liquid

Question 22

FREEZING

Answer 22

Liquid to solid

Question 23

EVAPORATION

Answer 23

Liquid to gas

Question 24

CONDENSATION

Answer 24

Gas to liquid

Question 25

SUBLIMATION

Answer 25

Solid to gas

Question 26

DEPOSITION

Answer 26

Gas to solid

Question 27

CHEMICAL REACTION

Answer 27

Occurs when there is a conversion of one set of chemical substances to another set - exchange of electrons

Question 28

Types of chemical reaction - SYNTHESIS

Answer 28

Compound made from simpler materials to complex e. g. C+O2 > CO2 - A+B > AB

Question 29

Types of chemical reaction - DECOMPOSITION

Answer 29

Compound broken down into simpler compounds, or all the way down to the elements that make it up E.g. H2O > H2 + O2 - AB > A+B

Question 30

Types of chemical reactions - | COMBUSTION

Answer 30

Compound containing carbon & hydrogen (& sometime oxygen) combines with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide & water E.g. CH4 + O2 > CO2 + H2O C2H5OH + O2 > CO2 + H2O

Question 31

Types of chemical reactions - | SINGLE REPLACEMENT

Answer 31

1 element that starts out by itself replaces another element in a compound, kicking it out E.g. Fe + CuCl2 > Cu + FeCl2 - A + BC > B + AC

Question 32

Types of chemical reactions - | DOUBLE REPLACEMENT

Answer 32

Positive & negative ions in 2 compounds switch places E.g. KBr + AgNO3 > AgBr + KNO3 K+Br- Ag+NO3- Ag+Br- K+NO3- - AB + CD > AD + BC

Question 33

MATTER

Answer 33

Anything that takes up space & has mass

Question 34

MASS

Answer 34

The quantity of matter something possesses

Question 35

EXTRINSIC PROPERTIES

Answer 35

Directly related to the amount of material being measured

Question 36

INTRINSIC PROPERTIES

Answer 36

Independent of the quantity of matter present

Question 37

ACID

Answer 37

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; have a pH between 0-7

Question 38

BASE

Answer 38

Produces hydroxide ion (OH-) ; have a pH 7-14