Chemistry and Cell

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

microscopic particles that are the units of energy that make up these elements

Question 2

Molecules

Answer 2

atoms bind together, form molecules, a large but still microscopic particle

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

atoms combine to create molecules, bond with either an identical atom to form a molecule of one of the basic elements on the periodic table

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

different types of atoms create a substance called a compound

Question 5

Inorganic compound

Answer 5

made up of molecules that do NOT contain CARBON

Question 6

Ions

Answer 6

compounds that break apart to either form a positive or negatively charged atoms or molecules

Question 7

Electrolytes

Answer 7

compounds containing charged particles (ions) that conducts an electrical current

Question 8

Acids

Answer 8

electrolyte compounds that specifically release hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water

Question 9

Bases

Answer 9

compounds that release another type of ion known as the hydroxide ion OH+ in water

Question 10

pH scale

Answer 10

the scale that measures the balance between the number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

Question 11

centrosome

Answer 11

the organelle formed by two bundles of micro-tubules that plays an important role in cell division

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

this organelle is located close to the nucleus and is responsible for modification and packaging of proteins for movement outside of the cell

Question 13

acidic, under 7

Answer 13

compounds that release hydroxide ions in water are called _______ compound, and they are designated as such by having a pH value of _____.

Question 14

Organic

Answer 14

type of compound always contains large carbon molecules

Question 15

Water

Answer 15

an inorganic compound serves as the medium for most chemical exchanges between cells and tissues and is an essential component for transportation of nutrients and waste

Question 16

nucleic acids and lipids

Answer 16

the organic substances that make up all cells in the body are proteins, carbohydrates

Question 17

three common structural components of almost all cells in the body are nucleus, cytoplasma, and _______

Answer 17

plasma membrane

Question 18

integral membrane proteins

Answer 18

the cell structure allows the cell to read and respond to its environment

Question 19

cytosol

Answer 19

a key component of the cytoplasm inside cells is the gel-like medium made up of 75-90% water

Question 20

what structure in the cell produces the energy molecules ATP?

Answer 20

mitochondria

Question 21

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

the cellular organelle has the responsibility of providing a pathway for substances to move throughout the cell

Question 22

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 22

provide shape, strength, and mobility to cells

Question 23

Centrosome

Answer 23

the organelle formed by two bundles of microtubules that plays an important role in cell division

Question 24

Golgi apparatus

Answer 24

an organelle is located close to the nucleus and is responsible for modification and packaging of proteins for movement outside of the cell

Question 25

If no energy is used to move a substance across the cellular membrane, it is called a/an _______ transport mechanism.

Answer 25

passive

Question 26

osmosis

Answer 26

the passive transport process where water moves from an area of higher to lower concentration

Question 27

Which of these active transport mechanisms employs special transport proteins to move sodium, potassium, and calcium across cell membranes?

Answer 27

ion pumps

Question 28

How much of the total water in a human body is intracellular fluid inside the cells?

Answer 28

two-thirds

Question 29

Metabolism

Answer 29

all of the chemical processes that occur in the body to sustain life

Question 30

catabolism

Answer 30

any chemical process the body uses to break down nutrients or molecules

Question 31

Ectoderm

Answer 31

the organs and tissues of the skin and nervous system develop from which of the organized layers of stem cells in the embryo

Question 32

Which of the four types of tissue is “avascular”?

Answer 32

epithelical

Question 33

muscle tissue

Answer 33

has the unique ability to generate force for movement via contraction

Question 34

connective tissue

Answer 34

most abundant and widespread type of tissue in the body

Question 35

nervous tissue

Answer 35

tissue that has the ability of generating and conducting electrical impulses

Question 36

4 basic types of tissue in the body

Answer 36

Epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective

Question 37

Epithelial tissue

Answer 37

tissue that is capable of complete and rapid regeneration

Question 38

simple squamous

Answer 38

an epithelial tissue made up of flat cells arranged in a single layer

Question 39

stratified

Answer 39

multiple layers of epithelial tissue

Question 40

Which type of muscle tissue is described as striated and voluntary

Answer 40

skeletal

Question 41

Besides being smooth in appearance, the other distinction of visceral muscle is that its contractions are:

Answer 41

involuntary

Question 42

Collagen

Answer 42

the type of connective tissue fibers that is the thickest, strongest, and most abundant fiber in the body

Question 43

What physiologic change occurs in surrounding tissue when histamine is secreted?

Answer 43

tissue permeabilty is increased

Question 44

Ground substance

Answer 44

the intercellular fluid component of all connective tissue