Chemistry and Physics Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
log x
A
ln x / 2.303
2
Q
log (n x 10^m)
A
m + 0.n
3
Q
Junction Rule
A
sum of currents entering = sum of currents leaving
4
Q
Loop Rule
A
sum of voltage sources = sum of voltage drops
5
Q
Ohm’s Law
A
V=IR
6
Q
Resistance
A
R = ρ L/ A
7
Q
Power of resistor
A
P = IV
8
Q
Resistors in Series
A
V = V1 + V2 + V3 I = I1 = I2 = I3 R = R1 + R2 + R3
9
Q
Resistors in parallel
A
V = V1 = V2 = V3 I = I1 + I2 + I3 I/R = I/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
10
Q
capacitance & units
A
C = Q/V
units 1 F = 1 C/V
11
Q
capacitance in terms of area and distance
what is constant?
A
C = ε0 A / d
8.85 x 10^-12
12
Q
uniform electric field formula
A
E = V/d
13
Q
dielectric material
A
insulator –> shields opposite charges from each other
capacitance increases and voltage decreases
14
Q
capacitors in series
A
total capacitance decreases as more capacitors are added
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
total voltage = sum of individual voltages
15
Q
capacitors in parallel
A
capacitance increases as more capacitors are added
C = C1 + C2 + C3
voltage is sum of all the individual voltages
16
Q
newton’s first law
A
F net = 0
17
Q
newton’s second law
A
F net = ma
18
Q
newton’s third law
A
FAB = -FBA
F B on A = - F A on B
19
Q
kinematic formulas
A
v = v0 + at x = v0t + (1/2)at^2 v^2 = v0^2 + 2aΔx
20
Q
specific gravity
A
density of fluid compared to pure water
SG = ρ / 1 g/cm^3
21
Q
absolute pressure formula
A
P = P0 + ρgh
absolute pressure = ambient pressure + buoyant force
22
Q
gauge pressure
A
Pgauge = P - Patm = (P0 + pgh) - Patm
23
Q
pascal’s principle
A
P = F1/A1 P = F2/A2
24
Q
archimedes principle
A
Fbuoy = ρ fluid V fluid displaced g = ρ fluid V submerged g
25
venturi flow meter
height of tube remains constant
area goes down, velocity goes up
velocity goes up, pressure goes down
26
atomic number
number of protons
27
mass number
protons and neutrons
28
what energy level are electrons removed from?
electrons are removed from the highest energy level first ( d > p > s)
29
paramagnetic
parallel spins in unpaired electrons
| weakly attracted to magnetic field
30
diamagnetic
paired electrons
| slightly repelled by magnetic field
31
redox reactions (and agents)
OIL: oxidation is loss of electrons
RIG: reduction is gain of electrons
oxidizing agents ==> strongly electronegative agents
reducing agents ==> metal ions or hydrides
32
Faraday's law
1 mol of metal M(s) produced if n moles of electrons are supplied to one mole of M^n+
33
Faraday constant
1 F = 96,485 C
| 1 F = 10^5 C / mol e-
34
galvanic cell (anode/cathode)
ANODE (negative)
| CATHODE (positive)
35
in all electrochemical cells: electrons flow from ____ to _____
anode to cathode
36
electrolytic cell (anode/cathode)
ANODE (positive)
| CATHODE (negative)
37
cations attracted to ______
| anions attracted to _______
cathode (reduction) gain electrons
| anode (oxidation) give up electrons
38
Bronsted Lowry (His)
acid donates H+
| base accepts H+
39
Lewis (e)
acid accepts e-
| base donates e-
40
Snell's law
bending of light
n1 X sinθ1 = n2 X sinθ2
41
total internal reflection
all of incident light is reflected
42
Doppler effect - light
as the source moves toward you, the frequency increases
43
for reflection, relate angle of incidence and angle of reflection
they are equal
44
how do plane mirrors reflect incident light?
all in the same way
45
relate mirror and lens
concave mirrors and like convex lens
| convex mirrors are like concave lens
46
concave mirrors
```
CONVERGE
image is inverted and real
image appears larger
focal distance (-)
object distance (+)
image distance (+)
```
47
convex mirrors
```
DIVERGE
image upright and virtual
image appears smaller
focal distance (-)
object distance (+)
image distance (-)
```
48
spherical mirror - focal length
relate f, o and I
focal length = radius of curvature/2
1/f = 1/i - 1/o
49
convex lens
```
CONVERGE
inverted and real image
focal distance (+)
object distance (+)
image distance (+)
```
50
concave lens
```
DIVERGE
upright and virtual
object distance (+)
image distance (-)
focal distance (-)
```
51
mirror formulas (height)
i/o = hi / ho (relate height of image and object)
| determine magnification
52
lens formulas (magnification)
magnification
| M = h'/h = -i/o
53
strong acid has a ____ conjugate base
weak
54
strong base has a _____ conjugate acid
weak
55
weak acid has a _____ conjugate base
weak
56
how does myelin act like a capacitor?
increases thickness of lipid bilayer around axon
increased distance between 2 "plates"
decreases capacitance across, so impulse travels faster down axon
57
exothermic rxn: Kc decreases with an increase in temperature
| which way does reaction shift?
left toward reactants
58
exothermic rxn: Kc increases with an decrease in temperature
| which way does reaction shift?
right toward products
59
endothermic rxn: Kc increases with an increase in temperature
which way does reaction shift?
right toward products
60
endothermic rxn: Kc decreases with an decrease in temperature
which way does reaction shift?
left toward reactants
61
if hot air expands adiabatically, what happens to the density of the air?
decreased density
62
convection
transfer of heat by physical motion of fluid
flow
*liquids and gases
63
conduction
direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule
| *contact
64
after 1 half life how much remains:
| after 2 half lifes how much remains:
50%
| 25%
65
volume and temperature relationship
V ∝ T
66
systemic vs. pulmonary circulation
systemic: more blood, larger volume --> more pressure on arteries
pulmonary: less blood, smaller volume --> less pressure on arteries
67
SN2 reaction effect on configuration
INVERSION
| R --> S or S --> R
68
index of refraction
comparing speed of light in different mediums
speed of light / speed of light in medium
69
energy equation
E = hf
70
atmospheric pressure
760 mmHg
71
assumption of ideal gases
individual molecular volume and intermolecular forces are negligible
72
lipase
hydrolyzes triacylglycerides (LIPIDS)
73
glucose subunits are connected by ______ bonds linearly
alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond
74
thin lens equation
1/f = 1/i + 1/o
75
comparing height of object to height of image
hi / ho = I / o
76
gamma decay
emission of photons by nucleus
77
beta-plus decay
emission of protons (PLUS)
78
nuclear fission
emission of neutrons
79
beta-minus decay
emission of electrons (MINUS)
80
spontaneous reactions occur when reduction potential is ____
>0
