Chemistry Atomic Structure

Question 0

Calculate the average relative atomic mass of an element producing the following peaks in its mass spectrum…

M/z. 62. 63. 64. 65
Relative intensity. 20. 25. 100. 5

Answer 0

(2062)+(6325)+(64100)+(655)
———————————— 63.6
150.

Question 1

How do you find the relative atomic mass?

Answer 1

Average = atomic mass of elements added up
————————————————
Total number of atoms

Question 2

Name the shape of this orbital : o

How many electrons are there in this orbital?

How many of this orbital are there in the main shell?

Answer 2

Spherical

The are 2 electrons

There is one in the main shell

Question 3

Name the shape of this orbital : 8

How many electrons are there in this orbital?

How many of this orbital are there in the main shell?

Answer 3

Dumb bell shape

6 electrons in this orbital

There are 3 in the main shell except in the first.

Question 4

What is the filling order of a shell with electrons?

Answer 4

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d…

Question 5

What is the electron configuration of Cu?

Answer 5

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d10

Question 6

What is the ionisation energy down a group and why??

Answer 6

The ionisation energy down a group decreases :
Nuclear charge increases but is outweighed by shielding
Nuclear attracts decreases
Atomic readies increases
Shielding increases
There is an extra shell
Therefore is easier to remove the outermost electron the further down the group.

Question 7

What is the ionisation energy across a period and why?

Answer 7

Ionisation energy increases across a period:
Nuclear charge increases
Nuclear attraction increases
Atomic radius decreases
Shielding is insignificant

Question 8

Write the equation of the first ionisation energy and the second ionisation energy

Answer 8

Mg (g) -> Mg+(g) + e-

Mg+ (g) -> Mg2+(g) + e-

Question 9

Suggest why the second ionisation energy oxygen is greater than the first ionisation energy of oxygen

Answer 9

The electrons are closer to the nucleus because the atomic radius is smaller because nuclear attraction increases.
OR
Because of repulsion because there are two negative charges in one orbital therefore one is lost easier.

Question 10

Why does helium have the largest first ionisation energy than any other element?

Answer 10

Electrons occupy the first shell
Electrons are very close to the nucleus
No other electrons so no shielding
More protons than hydrogen, so stronger attraction from the nucleus
Electrons are held more strongly

Question 11

State one similarity and one difference between an isotope of chlorine 35 and chlorine 37

Answer 11

Similarity- they contain the same number of protons and electrons
Difference- they contain different number of neutrons

Question 12

Why do the isotopes of chlorine 35 and chlorine 37 have the same properties?

Answer 12

They have the same number of electrons

Question 13

How many electrons are in:
A p orbital,
A d sub shell,
The 5th shell?

Answer 13

2
10
50