Chemistry Basics

Question 1

Define Matter

Answer 1

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Different types of matter are classified by their composition

Question 2

Either an element or a compound that has a definite, fixed composition
Gold (Au)

Answer 2

Pure Substance

Question 3

Pure substance composed of only one material Helium (He)

Answer 3

Element

Question 4

A pure substance that contains atoms of 2 or more elements always combined in the same proportion. It can be broken down into its base elements by chemical processes.
D-Glucose C6H12O6

Answer 4

Compound

Question 5

The smallest unit of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Answer 5

Molecule

Question 6

2 or more substances mixed but not chemically combined. The proportions of each substance can very. Jell-o is an example.

Answer 6

Mixture

Question 7

Also called a solution, the composition is uniform throughout the sample. Jell-O is also an example.

Answer 7

Homogenous mixture

Question 8

The components don’t have a uniform composition throughout the sample. Italian dressing is an example.

Answer 8

Heterogeneous mixture

Question 9

Describe the 3 states of matter: Solid

Answer 9

Solid: Has a defined shape and volume. The bonds are strong and the atoms are held close together. Their only movement is vibration.

Question 10

Describe the 3 states of matter: Liquid

Answer 10

Liquid: Has a defined volume but not shape. The particles are attracted enough to stay together and maintain a definitive volume, but not a rigid structure

Question 11

Describe the 3 states of matter: Gas

Answer 11

Gas: Has neither a shape or volume. The particles are far apart and have very little attraction to one another. They move at high speeds and take the shape of whatever container they are in.

Question 12

Normal body temperature for a Dog

Answer 12

100.2-103.8

Question 13

Normal body temperature for a Cat

Answer 13

100.5-102.5

Question 14

Normal body temperature more a Mare and a Stallion

Answer 14

Mare: 99.1-100.8
Stallion: 99.0-100.6

Question 15

Normal body temperature for a Beef cow and a Dairy cow

Answer 15

Beef cow: 98.0-102.4
Dairy cow: 100.4-102.8

Question 16

Normal body temperature for a Sheep

Answer 16

100.9-103.8

Question 17

Normal body temperature for a Goat

Answer 17

101.3-103.5

Question 18

Normal body temperature for a Pig

Answer 18

101.6-103.6

Question 19

Define energy

Answer 19

The ability to do work

Question 20

Explain the difference between Potential energy and Kinetic energy

Answer 20

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Any moving object has kinetic energy

Potential energy is determined by the position of an object or by its chemical composition

Question 21

Define heat

Answer 21

Heat is the energy associated with the motion of particles. The faster the particles are in motion, the greater the thermal energy

Question 22

Explain the units used for energy

Answer 22

The Joule (J) is used as the energy for work/energy.
Kilojoule (kJ) is often used because Jolie is so small

Question 23

What are the 3 basic food types

Answer 23

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

Question 24

What is matter composed of

Answer 24

All matter consists of atoms, which consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Both protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, which is at the center of an atom. Protons are positively charged particles, while neutrons are neutrally charged.

Question 25

What is the difference between CO and Co

Answer 25

CO is the molecule Carbon monoxide, Co is the symbol for the element cobalt

Question 26

What is the element Na

Answer 26

Sodium

Question 27

What is the element K

Answer 27

Potassium

Question 28

What is the element Fe

Answer 28

Iron

Question 29

What is the element Pb

Answer 29

Lead

Question 30

What is the element Cu

Answer 30

Copper

Question 31

What is the element Hg

Answer 31

Mercury

Question 32

What is the element Ag

Answer 32

Silver

Question 33

What is the element Pt

Answer 33

Platinum

Question 34

What is the element Zn

Answer 34

Zinc

Question 35

The periodic table is used to organize the elements. Describe how the elements are organized in the periodic table

Answer 35

The elements are grouped together that have similar properties. The horizontal row is called a period. The vertical rows are families (groups). A group number is at the top of each column. The center has what are called transition elements designated by numbers 3-8, 1and 2 followed by a b. Representative elements have numbers 1-8A. The newer system has groups labeled 1-18.

Question 36

Explain the atomic theory

Answer 36

* All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms * All atoms of 1 element are similar to each other and different from the atoms of all other elements * Atoms of 2 or more elements combine to form compounds * A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement, separation or combination of atoms.

Question 37

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 37

An atom is comprised of a nucleus containing protons with a positive charge and neutrons with neutral charge. Negatively charged electrons equal in number to the protons orbit the nucleus in “shells”

Question 38

Describe an isotope

Answer 38

An atom of the same element with the same atomic number but a different mass number