Chemistry C3 - Structure and bonding

Question 1

What occurs at the melting point?

Answer 1

Melting and freezing.

Question 2

What occurs at the boiling point?

Answer 2

Boiling and condensing.

Question 3

What does the energy needed to change state depend on?

Answer 3

The strength of forces between the particles.

Question 4

What does (s) mean in a chemical equation?

Answer 4

Solid

Question 5

What does (g) mean in a chemical equation?

Answer 5

Gas

Question 6

What does (l) mean in a chemical equation?

Answer 6

Liquid

Question 7

What does (aq) mean in a chemical equation?

Answer 7

Aqueous, dissolved in water

Question 8

How are particles represented in the simple model?

Answer 8

As regular solid spheres.

Question 9

What is a limitation of the simple model?

Answer 9

Does not account for forces between particles.

Question 10

What is a bond?

Answer 10

An electrostatic attraction between atoms.

Question 11

What are the two types of atom?

Answer 11

Metal and non-metal

Question 12

What are the three types of bonding?

Answer 12

Metallic, ionic, covalent.

Question 13

Which types of atoms are involved in metallic bonding?

Answer 13

Metal atoms

Question 14

Which types of atoms are involved in ionic bonding?

Answer 14

Metal and non-metal

Question 15

Which types of atoms are involved in covalent bonding?

Answer 15

Non-metal and non-metal

Question 16

Why do atoms form bonds?

Answer 16

To have full outer shells

Question 17

How do metal atoms bond?

Answer 17

Lose electrons

Question 18

How do non-metal atoms bond?

Answer 18

Gain electrons

Question 19

What is an atom with a charge called?

Answer 19

Ion

Question 20

Draw a diagram of a structure of a metal?

Answer 20

look it up

Question 21

Describe the structure and bonding in a metal.

Answer 21

Regular lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.

Question 22

How does the structure of a metal allow it to conduct electricity?

Answer 22

Delocalised electrons are free to move and carry charge through the lattice.

Question 23

What are the melting points of metals like?

Answer 23

High melting points.

Question 24

What does the melting point of metals tell you about their bonds?

Answer 24

High melting points mean metallic bonds are strong.

Question 25

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 25

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 26

Describe the structure of ionic substances?

Answer 26

Regular lattice of ions.

Question 27

When can ionic substances conduct electricity?

Answer 27

When molten or dissolved.

Question 28

What are the melting points of ionic substances like?

Answer 28

High melting points.

Question 29

Are ionic substances soluble in water?

Answer 29

They are soluble in water.

Question 30

Which type of atoms form covalent bonds?

Answer 30

Non-metals bonding with non-metals.

Question 31

What are the melting points of simple molecules like?

Answer 31

Simple molecules have low melting points.

Question 32

Why do simple molecules have low melting points?

Answer 32

Intermolecular forces between the molecules are weak so little energy is needed to break them.

Question 33

What is an allotrope?

Answer 33

Different forms of the same element.

Question 34

Draw the structure of graphite.

Answer 34

look it up

Question 35

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 35

Delocalised electrons between the layers in graphite conduct electricity.

Question 36

How are diamond and graphite different chemically?

Answer 36

Carbon atoms in diamond have 4 bonds but carbon atoms in graphite only have 3.

Question 37

What is graphene?

Answer 37

A single layer of graphite.

Question 38

What is the name of the covalently bonded structure with large molecules?

Answer 38

Polymers

Question 39

What is a single unit from which polymers are made called?

Answer 39

A monomer

Question 40

What is a nanometre?

Answer 40

One billionth of a metre.

Question 41

How big is a nanoparticle?

Answer 41

1-100nm in diameter.

Question 42

How many atoms are in a nanometre?

Answer 42

At most a few hundred.

Question 43

How do the properties of nanoparticles compare to larger particles?

Answer 43

The properties are different from the bulk substance.

Question 44

Why are the properties of nanoparticles different to those of the bulk substance?

Answer 44

Properties are different because of the larger surface area:volume ratio in nanoparticles.

Question 45

Why are nanoparticles important?

Answer 45

They may have applications in medicine, sun cream, electronics, cosmetics and as catalysts.

Question 46

What is a fullerene?

Answer 46

Hollow molecules of carbon.