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Chemistry 1 > Chemistry Common Knowledge > Flashcards

Chemistry Common Knowledge Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Shows exact # of Atoms of each Element

A

Molecular Formula

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2
Q

Shows which elements are present & the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms

A

Empirical Formula

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3
Q

Shows exact # of Atoms of Each Element

A

Molecular Fórmula

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4
Q

Properties of metals & non-metals

A

Metalloids

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5
Q

Constant composition, cannot be separated into smaller substances by physical process

A

Pure Substance

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6
Q

Transforms a sample of matter w/o altering chemical identities of any substance in the sample (ex- changing a liquid to solid)

A

Physical Process

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7
Q

Pure substance (cannot be broken down)

A

Element

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8
Q

Gold, silver, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur

A

Pure substances (natural/uncombined)

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9
Q

2 or more elements that can only be separated by a chemical reaction

A

Compound

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10
Q

2 + substances of matter - each retains its chemical identity (can be separated by physical process)

A

Mixture

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11
Q

Uniform mixtures / Solutions

A

Homogeneous

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12
Q

Not uniform / not clear / not transparent

A

Heterogeneous

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13
Q

Quantity of matter

A

Mass

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14
Q

Everything that has mass and takes up space

A

Matter

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15
Q

1st elements formed in the universe

A

Hydrogen & Helium

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16
Q

Study of the composition, structure, & properties of matter, and its changes

A

Chemistry

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17
Q

A concise statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions

A

Law

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18
Q

Mass X Acceleration =

A

Force

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19
Q

Unifying principle- explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them

A

Theory

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20
Q

A tentative explanation for a set of observations

A

Hypothesis

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21
Q

Compounds always contain the same elements in the same composition

A

Law of Constant Composition

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22
Q

Positive charge

A

Cation

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23
Q

Negative charge

A

Anion

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24
Q

Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means

A

Element

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25
Does not alter the composition or identity of a substance
Physical change Ice melting Sugar dissolving in water
26
Alters the composition or identity of the substances involved
Chemical change
27
Of a material that depends upon how much matter is being considered (mass, length, volume)
Extensive Property
28
Does not depend upon how much matter is being considered (density, temperature, color)
Intensive property
29
Length
Meter (m)
30
Mass
Kilogram kg
31
Time
Second S
32
Electrical Current
Ampere A
33
Temperature
Kelvin K
34
Amount of substance
Mole (mol)
35
Luminous Intensity
Candela (cd)
36
Force gravity exerts on an object
Weight
37
Occupies space and has mass
Matter
38
Quantity of matter
Mass kg / gram
39
Force gravity exerts on an object
Weight
40
Shows the exact number of atoms of each element H2O2 N2H4
Molecular Fórmula
41
Shows which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms
Empirical Formula
42
Atomic mass - Atomic number =
# of neutrons
43
Polyatomic Ions
Ions made up of many atoms (2 or more)
44
The Mole
Avogadro’s # 6.02 x 10^23 things in 1 Mole
45
The Mole
Avogadro’s # 6.02 x 10^23 things in 1 Mole
46
What does 1 mole = ?
6.02 x 10^23 Avogadro’s Number
47
Combines with
Addition
48
The Sum
Addition
49
Increases By
Addition
50
Plus
Addition
51
The Total of
Addition
52
And
Addition
53
The difference of
Subtraction
54
Minus
Subtraction
55
Decreases by
Subtraction
56
Less than
Subtraction
57
Reduced by
Subtraction
58
The product of
Multiplication
59
Times
Multiplication
60
Of
Multiplication
61
The ratio of
Division
62
The quotient of
Division
63
= and —> in a chemical equation
Form Produce Create Yield Result
64
4 States in a Chemical Equation
Aqueous (aq) Liquid (l) Solid (s) Gas (g)
65
Aqueous
Dissolved Dissociated Ionized Aqueous
66
Na+(aq)
Aqueous solution of Salt
67
Liquid (l)
H2O Can also be a solid or gas so never assume water is a liquid
68
Solid (s)
Precipitate Metal
69
Gas (g)
Vapor Gaseous Diatomic molecules
70
Elements that exist in pairs
Diatomic Molecules H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
71
Reactants
Reacts with or Combines with
72
Products
Forms Yields Creates Results in Converts into Produces
73
Combines with
Reactant
74
Yields
Products
75
Combines with
Reactants
76
Forms
Products
77
Converts into
Products
78
Forms
Products
79
Left side of arrow ——-> Right side of arrow
Reactants ———> Products
80
Decomposes
Decomposition Reaction AB —->. A + B Ex. CO2 —-> C + O2 A compound is broken down to multiple products
81
Rust means what type of reaction ?
Single Replacement Reaction A + BC ——> AB + C Ex. Mg + 2 HCl ——> MgCl2 + H2 1 single element Mg, replaces another element (H) in a compound to form a new compound + an element MgCl2 + H2
82
Combustion Reaction
Combusts or Burns CxHy + O2 —-> CO2 + H2O The only thing that changes is CxHy reactant CxHyO2 + O2 —-> CO2 + H2O The +O2 js always your reactant and the product is always Carbon Dioxide & Water Exs. CH4 + 2O2 —-> CO2 + 2H2O CH4O + O2 —-> CO2 + 2H2O
83
Keyword Precipitate
Precipitation Reaction Looks like : Reactants AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) area aqueous ——> AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq) ——> and 1 solid is formed The solid is your Precipitate AgCl(s)
84
Translate word problem: Gaseous propane C3H8, burns into oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and liquid water
C3H8 is a gas / Burns=combustion reaction ends with CO2+H2O C3H8(g) + O2(g) Produce ——-> tells us our products are Carbon Dioxide (g) & water (l) C3H8(g) + O2(g) —> CO2(g) + H2O(l) Our balanced chemical equation looks like : C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) —> 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l)
85
Mercury (II) oxide in its metal state decomposes to produce liquid mercury and oxygen
Decomposition Reaction AB —> A+B Mercury (II) oxide solid state Produce = —-> HgO2(s) ——> Hg(l) + O2(g) Oxygen is a diatomic molecule that exists in pairs and it is a gas
86
Molarity OF Dilutions How to use and translate : OF Ex. O.2 L of 15.0 M Volume. Molarity or Concentration (M) (mL or L). Of a Solution
Dilutions formula for Molarity (M) —> M1V1 = M2V2 Molarity1Volume1=Molarity2Volume2 Concentration (M)—-> C1V1 = C2V2 Still measured in molatity

Chemistry 1 (11 decks)

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