Chemistry Final:: CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define Matter
is anything that has mass and takes up space
Define Element
the simplest pure substance, and they can’t be broken down into any other substance
Define Atom
the smallest particle of an element
Define Compound
is a pure substance made of two or more elements that combined chemically in a specific ratio
Mixture
two or more substances that are in the same place, but not chemically combined
How is the periodic table organized?
The periodic table organizes elements by their increasing atomic number,
How are the elements arranged?
Rows (periods) and columns (groups) based on their increasing atomic number
Can you label groups and periods?
Groups (go vertical)), periods (go horizontal)
From looking at a periodic table, can you identify the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic mass in an element?
Protons and Electrons = Atomic number
Neutrons: Atomic mass (rounded) minus the atomic number.
How do you find the # of Valence Electrons?
valence electrons = group #
How many valence electrons are needed for an element to be stable?
The magic number is 8
How do ionic bonds form?
Ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between positive metal (positive) ions and nonmetal (negative ions).
What are the four properties of ionic compounds?
High Melting Points, ionic crystals, electrical conductivity, and solubility
How do covalent bonds form?
When two atoms share electrons: usually form between metal and nonmetal
What are the three properties of covalent compounds?
Poor Conductivity
Low Melting and Boiling Points
Double and Triple Bonds
Define Polar Bond:
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally
Define Nonpolar Bond:
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
What are the 3 subatomic particles composed in an atom
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What´ś their charge and where are they located
Protons: +1 charge, inside the nucleus
Neutrons: Neutral, 0, inside the nucleus
Electrons: -1 charge, outside the nucleus
Elements in group 18 are not reactive. Why? They have blank valence electrons
They already have 8 valence electrons: Already stable
Group 17 is called the Halogens. What group number do they like to bond with?
Group 1: Alkaline metals
